实习护生职业防护现状及干预预防调查

目的了解实习护生实习期间职业防护现状,探讨减少实习护生锐器伤的干预预防措施。方法对2007-2008年162名实习护生实习结束后进行锐器伤及职业防护知识问卷调查。结果 162名护生中,发生锐器伤的有113人次,发生的主要原因依次为：输液及注射结束拔针时、处置医疗废弃物时、手掰安瓿时和其他原因。2008年实习护生岗前医院感染职业防护相关知识培训,护生职业防护知识知晓率明显高于2007年的实习护生,培训组87名中锐器伤40人次,锐器伤发生率45.98%,未培训组75名中锐器伤73人次,锐器伤发生率97.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论实习护生锐器伤发生率高,锐器伤的发生与职业防护知识缺乏、防护意识淡漠,技术操作不熟练、不规范密切相关,加强实习护生职业暴露防护知识培训,规范操作行为,开展有针对性的行为干预和效果评价,是减少实习护生锐器伤发生的有效干预预防措施。

Occupational Protection Status of Practice Nurses and Preventive Interventions

Objective To investigate the occupational protection status of student nurses in the internship,and explore the preventive measures of reducing the injury by sharp instruments.Methods The questionnaire survey on sharp instrument injury and occupational protection knowledge was carried out in 162 student nurses from 2007 to 2008 after their nursing internships.Results There were 113 person-time met the sharp instrument injury.The injuries mainly came from needle pulling after infusion and injection,medical wastes disposal,ampoule breaking.After the pre-job training on occupational protection from hospital infection,the awareness rate of occupational protection knowledge was obviously high.The injury rate of the training group（45.98%）was obviously lower than that of the control group（97.33%）,the difference between the both groups had statistical significance.Conclusion The high rate of sharp instrument injury in the student nurses is mainly caused by their lacking of occupational protection knowledge,indifferent safety consciousness,unskilled operation.To strengthen the training of occupational exposures protection knowledge in student nurses,standardize their operation behaviors,and provide targeted behavior intervention can effectively decrease the rate of the sharp instrument injury.