Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on absolute mean difference of multiple neighboring pixels |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;2. College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200135, China;3. School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;4. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;1. School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;2. Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China;3. National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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Abstract: | Recently, with the development of cloud computing, more and more secret data are stored in cloud. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images is a technique that makes contribution to cloud data management in privacy preserving and data security. In previous works, Zhang and Hong presented two reversible dada hiding methods in encrypted images, respectively. However, Zhang’s work neglected the pixels in the borders of image blocks, and Hong et al.’s research only considered two adjacent pixels of each pixel. In addition, their works only considered that all image blocks are embedded into additional data. In this paper, we propose a novel method of evaluating the complexity of image blocks, which considers multiple neighboring pixels according to the locations of different pixels. Furthermore, data embedding ratio is considered. Experiments show that this novel method can reduce average extracted-bit error rate when the block size is appropriate. |
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Keywords: | Encrypted image Reversible data hiding Absolute mean difference Multiple neighboring pixels Data extraction Image recovery Extracted-bit error rate Data embedding ratio |
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