基于遥感和GIS的区域土壤侵蚀变化与人类活动关系研究

土壤侵蚀作为全球性的主要环境问题之一，受人类活动的影响日益强烈。在区域尺度上研究人类活动与土壤侵蚀变化的关系，对土壤侵蚀防治宏观决策具有重要意义。通过构建人类活动程度指数，从栅格尺度上分析了人类活动程度对土壤侵蚀变化的影响规律，进而从人口变化、土地利用变化和人类活动对植被覆盖影响程度等多角度综合分析，揭示人类活动对土壤侵蚀变化的驱动机制。结果发现，江西省1990年土壤侵蚀模数平均值841 t/（km²·a），2018年减少到338 t/（km²·a），土壤侵蚀明显缓解。平均人类活动程度指数由0.005增加到0.014，空间上呈现出以城市为中心向外辐射状的增加态势；偏远山地丘陵区，人类活动程度变化不大。20 a来，研究区土壤侵蚀的发生有由山地丘陵区向城市及周围地区转移的趋势。远离城市的偏远山地丘陵区，农村人口压力的减弱以及合理的土地利用转变促进江西省植被恢复，进而缓解土壤侵蚀；坡度缓和的城市及周边地区因人类活动程度的显著增强，土壤侵蚀有所加剧。

The Study of the Relationship between Soil Erosion Change and the Human Activity based on Remote Sensing and GIS at the Regional Scale: A Case Study in Jiangxi Province

Soil erosion， as one of the main environmental problems in the world， is increasingly affected by human activities. It is of great significance to study the relationship between human activities and soil erosion at regional scale for soil erosion control planning. In this paper， the relationship between human activities and soil erosion was analyzed on grid scale by introducing human activity index. Then， the driving mechanism of soil erosion caused by human activities was explored from the comprehensive perspectives of population change， land use change and the impact of human activities on vegetation cover. It was found that the average soil erosion modulus of Jiangxi province in 1990 was 841 t/（km²·a）， but decreased to 338 t/（km²·a） in 2018. During the past more than 20 years， the occurrence of soil erosion has a tendency of shifting from the mountainous and hilly areas with relatively low human activities to the cities and surrounding areas with moderate slope. The index of human activity increased from 0.005 to 0.014， and the increasing areas concentrated around the cities with gentle slope and low altitude. In remote mountainous areas， the degree of human activity does not change much. In remote mountainous and hilly areas far from cities， the reduction of rural population pressure and appropriate land use transformation promoted vegetation restoration and soil erosion mitigation. The degree of soil erosion in the city and its surrounding areas with gentle slope is intensified due to the significant enhancement of human activities.