帮扶措施对山区脱贫农户生计策略选择的影响——以陇南山区为例

帮扶措施不仅是构建稳定脱贫长效机制的关键举措，更是推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的客观要求。论文构建了帮扶措施对农户生计策略选择的影响分析框架，利用入户调查数据，在辨明帮扶措施及生计策略选择特征的基础上，探讨了影响陇南山区脱贫户生计策略选择的关键因素。结果表明：① 陇南山区有59.84%的脱贫户享受了多元帮扶措施，其中，享受最多的多元帮扶措施为产业扶贫+生态补偿扶贫，享受最多的单一帮扶措施为生态补偿扶贫；② 陇南山区脱贫户的生计策略以务工主导型为主，呈农业特色化、非农化和多样化的特点；③ 陇南山区脱贫户生计策略选择的路径依赖性整体呈中等水平，其中，川坝河谷区农户、老年农户和低生计资本禀赋的农户生计策略选择的路径依赖性较强，且帮扶措施对其有调节作用；④ 社会资本、人力资本、金融资本和区位条件对农户的生计策略选择有显著影响；产业扶贫和电商扶贫对农户的特色务农型生计策略选择有正向影响，生态补偿扶贫和就业扶贫对农户的非农化生计策略选择有正向影响。最后，提出了优化农户生计策略的政策建议。

Influence of support measures on the livelihood strategy choice of out-of-poverty farming households in mountainous regions: A case study of the Longnan mountainous area

Support measures are not only a key means to build a long-term mechanism for stable poverty eradication, but also an objective requirement to promote the effective connection between poverty eradication and rural revitalization. This study established an analytical framework for the impact of support measures on farmers' choice of livelihood strategies. Based on the household survey data, we examined the key factors that influence the choice of livelihood strategies of the rural households. The results show that: 1) Of the rural households in the Longnan mountainous area, 59.84% have enjoyed multiple support measures, among which the most common are industrial development + ecological compensation, while the most popular individual support measure is poverty alleviation by ecological compensation. 2) The livelihood strategy of the rural out-of-poverty households in the Longnan mountainous area is mainly off-farm employment, which is characterized by characteristic agricultural, non-agricultural, and diversification types. 3) The path dependence of the livelihood strategy choice of the out-of-poverty farmers is at a medium level. Farming households living in gully and valley areas, elderly farmers, and farmers with low livelihood capital endowments have a strong dependence on the path of livelihood strategy choice, and support measures have a moderating effect on them. 4) Social capital, human capital, financial capital, and location conditions have a significant impact on farmers' choice of livelihood strategies. Industrial development and e-commerce poverty alleviation interventions have a positive impact on farmers' choice of characteristic agriculture-oriented livelihood strategy, while ecological compensation and employment measures have a positive impact on farmers' choice of non-agricultural livelihood strategy. Finally, we recommended measures to optimize the livelihood strategies of farmers.