2010—2021年安徽省宿松县钉螺分布特征分析

目的 了解宿松县钉螺分布特征及变化趋势，为制定血吸虫病防治措施提供依据。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，收集2010—2021年宿松县螺情资料，统计钉螺面积、活螺密度、活螺框出现率等指标，分析全县及不同类型流行区钉螺分布及变化趋势。结果 2010—2021年，宿松县钉螺面积为1 672.60～2 171.57 hm2，总体平稳，其中江滩型流行区钉螺面积为985.74～1 235.64 hm2，波动较小；湖沼型流行区钉螺面积为181.44～284.78 hm2，呈下降趋势；内陆型流行区钉螺面积为399.77～750.02 hm2，呈上升趋势。全县活螺密度为0.16～0.75只/0.11 m2，活螺框出现率为5.11%～11.78%。江滩型流行区和湖沼型流行区活螺密度相对平稳，内陆型流行区活螺密度呈现先降后升趋势；不同类型流行区活螺框出现率年度波动较大。2013年起全县未再查获感染性钉螺。结论 宿松县螺情总体平稳，但内陆型流行区螺情有扩散趋势，今后应重点加强内陆型流行区钉螺监测与控制工作，以巩固防治成果。

Distribution characteristics analysis of snails in Susong County,Anhui Province from 2010 to 2021

Objective To understand the distribution trend of Oncomelania snails in Susong County for evidences to develop schistosomiasis control measures. Methods Snail data, including areas with snail prevalence, snail density and occurrence rate of live snails at individual frame, were collected from 2010 to 2021 in Susong County, and retrospectively analyzed for snail distribution across the county and in different endemic areas as well as the distribution trend of snails and the factors affecting the snail prevalence. Results The total area of Oncomelania hupensis in the county was maintained between 1 672.60 hm2 and 2 171.57 hm2, and appeared relatively stable from 2010 to 2021, during which the snail prevalence was 985.74-1 235.64 hm2 in marshland areas, with light fluctuation. The area with snail was 181.44-284.78 hm2 in lake regions, and tended to decrease, yet was 399.77-750.02 hm2 in inland regions, and tended to increase. The live snail density was 0.16-0.75 snails/0.11 m2 throughout the county, and the occurrence rate of live snails was 5.11%-11.78% at per frame. Live snail density remained relatively stable in the marshland and lake regions, whereas tended to increase from the lower level in inland areas. Live snail occurrence at individual frame was fluctuated considerably in diverse endemic areas. No infected snails have been found since 2013. Conclusion Snail prevalence remains relatively stable in Susong County, yet tends to spread in inland areas, which suggests that snail monitoring and control shall be focused in the inland regions in order to consolidate the prevention and control efforts achieved in previous years.