激光雷达组网观测济宁市大气污染变化特征

大气气溶胶通过直接效应影响到达地表的辐射量以及间接效应影响云的生消和降水等过程，还因其含有的各种有毒物质颗粒，影响城市能见度，导致霾过程频发，而这些颗粒进入人体会对人体健康造成一定危害。利用济宁市2018年—2019年期间多台气溶胶激光雷达的垂直观测廓线数据与区域空气质量监测数据，分析了不同大气污染过程中的颗粒物时空演变特征。结果显示，济宁市夏季的细粒子污染存在一定的区域差异性，主要呈现两种日变化特征。一种是部分区域在夜间消光强，白天消光弱，主要是因为夜间受到湿度偏大与污染源排放叠加的影响；另一种是部分区域白天消光相对较强且整体无明显日变化特征，原因在于周围污染源较少且受人工湖的影响。此外，近地面气溶胶消光系数变化显示辰欣制药站与金马酒店站附近颗粒物浓度相对更高。沙尘观测结果显示，济宁市的沙尘天气多出现于4月和5月，沉降过程中颗粒物浓度可高达平时浓度的5倍。同时对比扫描观测结果显示，局地污染的轮廓无规则、范围小、突发且消光很强，而大范围污染过程则轮廓面积大且其消光逐渐增大。

Analysis on Variation Characteristics of Air Pollution in Jining City Based on Lidars Networking Observation

Atmospheric aerosols can affect the earth’s clouds and water cycle through sunlight scattering and absorption effects and can also reduce the visibility of cities, leading to frequent haze processes. They are also rich in various chemical substances and can enter the human body and cause harm to human health. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of particulate matter in different air pollution processes using the vertical profile data of multiple aerosol lidars and regional air quality monitoring data from 2018 to 2019 in Jining City. The results show that there are certain regional differences in fine particle pollution in Jining City during the summer, and there are mainly two diurnal characteristics. One is that some areas have strong extinction at night and weak extinction in the daytime, mainly because they are affected by the superposition of high humidity and pollution source emissions at night. On the other hand, some areas have relatively strong daytime extinction and no obvious diurnal variation, which is due to less pollution sources and artificial lakes. Moreover, the near-surface aerosol extinction coefficient variation showed that the concentration of particulate matter near Chenxin Pharmaceutical Station and Jinma Hotel Station was relatively higher. Dust observation results show that the dust weather in Jining city mainly occurs in April and May, and the concentration of particulate matter in the sedimentation process can be as high as 5 times the normal concentration. Additionally, the contrast scanning observation shows that the profile of local pollution is irregular, small in scope, burst and strong in extinction, while the profile of large-scale pollution process is extensive in area, and its extinction gradually increases.