社会隔离与城市居民遭受犯罪侵害的相关性分析——以广州市为例

已有文献对社会隔离和犯罪之间的相关性进行了探讨，但主要聚焦于种族或族群之间的社会隔离，对个体活动联系和情感联系等方面的关注相对不足。文章以1 148份在广州市74个典型社区居住3 a以上居民的问卷为数据基础，构建了社会联系、邻里联系、活动联系和情感联系相结合的社会隔离指标体系，在控制个体基本属性的基础上，探讨了社会隔离与暴力侵害、入室盗窃、社区内扒窃和社区外扒窃四大犯罪类型之间的相关性。结果显示：整体上，社会隔离与居民遭受犯罪侵害具有显著正相关关系，但部分指标和特定犯罪类型之间具有负相关关系。其中，1）与暴力侵害具有显著相关性的指标仅有意见建议（负相关）；2）与入室盗窃具有显著相关性的指标包括社区内亲朋人数（负相关）、社区情感（正相关）和社区管理服务满意度（正相关）；3）与社区内扒窃具有显著相关性的指标包括社区内亲朋人数（负相关）、邻里是否相互串门（正相关）、邻里是否相互借东西（负相关）和居民对社区管理服务的满意度（正相关）；4）与社区外扒窃具有显著相关性的指标包括是否失业（负相关）、邻里关系和谐程度（正相关）、意见建议（负相关）和居民对管理服务满意度（正相关）。总的来看，不同衡量维度的社会隔离与社区的非正式社会控制、居民对犯罪的警惕程度有关，从而导致其对居民遭受犯罪侵害概率的影响存在差异，且这种差异随受侵害类型的变化而发生变化。

An Analysis of the Correlation between Social Isolation and Crime Suffered by Urban Residents: A Case Study of Guangzhou

Research on the relationship between social isolation and crime has mainly focused on racial or ethnic social isolation; however, data on the individual activity and emotional and other aspects is relatively insufficient. Based on the questionnaire data, this study constructed an index system of social isolation combining social connection, neighborhood connection, activity connection, and emotional connection, controlled the impacts of basic attributes of the individual, and analyzed the correlation between social isolation and the four crime types, namely violence, burglary, pickpocketing in the community, and pickpocketing outside the community. In this study, 74 typical communities in Guangzhou, China were selected. A total of 1,568 questionnaires were distributed through a household survey among which 1,148 questionnaires were selected for the final analysis from the residents who had lived in the community for more than three years. Findings indicate that social isolation has a significant positive correlation with the residents' criminal victimization while there is a negative correlation between some indicators and specific crime types. (1) There is only one index with significant correlation between social isolation and violence (negative correlation), which means whether the residents can make suggestions to the neighborhood committees and other departments. (2) The indexes with a significant correlation between social isolation and burglary include the number of family members and friends in the community (negative correlation), community affection (positive correlation), and community management service satisfaction (positive correlation). (3) Indicators of a significant correlation between social isolation and pickpocketing in the community include the number of relatives and friends in the community (negative correlation), whether neighbors visit each other (positive correlation), whether neighbors borrow from each other (negative correlation), and the residents' satisfaction with the community management services (positive correlation). (4) The indicators of a significant correlation between social isolation and pickpocketing include unemployment (negative correlation), harmonious neighborhood relationships (positive correlation), opinions and suggestions (negative correlation), and the residents' feelings toward the community management services(positive correlation). In general, there are differences in the impact of social isolation with different measurement dimensions on the infringement of urban residents, and this difference varies with the type of infringement. The contribution of this study to the existing literature is reflected in the following two aspects: first, the research framework is optimized, and in the process of the research, community connection, neighborhood connection, building environment, and management service evaluation are added to represent individual emotions, and the influence of these factors on the residents' criminal infringement is discussed. Second, based on the index system of social isolation, this study analyzes the correlation between social isolation and the criminal infringement of residents from the perspective of social network relationship, which is also a supplement to the existing literature.