中国对外援助的空间演化分析

对外援助是一国地缘政治与经济的重要承载，是实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标的主要手段。中国对外援助的空间演化体现了大国崛起时代背景下中国国际地位和世界责任的变迁过程。然而，现有研究较少从发展地理学视角研究中国的对外援助问题。本文研究了中国对外援助的部门特征、时代特征与区域特征，结果表明：中国对外援助的地区和部门分布与受援国需求紧密相关，“一带一路”倡议对中国对外援助分配影响显著；中国对不同部门的援助资金主要流向了特定受援地区，且具有明显的时代特征；随着时间推移，中国的对外援助重心逐渐由东南向西北偏移，体现了中国对外援助战略倾向的转变；中国对外援助遵循“南南合作”的援助理念，属于东亚援助模式；国内学者应加强发展地理学领域内对外援助相关问题的理论构建与认识论研究。

The spatial evolution of China's foreign aid

Foreign aid is an important carrier of a country's geopolitics and economy and a significant tool for UN Sustainable Development Goals. The spatial evolution of China's foreign aid reflects the changing process of China's international status and world responsibility under the background of the rise of great powers. This paper studies the sectoral, time and regional characteristics of China's foreign aid. Since the first Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000, the scale and proportion of debt relief in China's foreign aid have increased significantly, and since the Belt and Road Initiative was launched in 2013, China has significantly increased its assistance to economic infrastructure and services. Regionally, economic infrastructure and services have increased to the north and eastern coasts African countries, social infrastructure and services have increased to sub-Saharan African countries, and debt relief has more fully covered the priority recipient countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Chinese foreign aid covers most of the under developing countries around the world. The center for gravity of Chinese foreign aid gradually shifted from southeast to northwest, reflecting the change in China's foreign aid strategy. China's foreign aid follows the concept of "South-South Cooperation" and belongs to the East Asia Model. Domestic scholars in development geography should reinforce theoretical and epistemological research in Chinese foreign aid.