Developmental consequences and biological significance of mother-infant bonding |
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Authors: | Kazutaka MogiMiho Nagasawa Takefumi Kikusui |
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Affiliation: | Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan |
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Abstract: | Mother-infant bonding is universal to all mammalian species. Here, we review how mutual communication between the mother and infant leads to mother-infant bonding in non-primate species. In rodents, mother-infant bond formation is reinforced by various pup stimuli, such as tactile stimuli and ultrasonic vocalizations. Evidence suggests that the oxytocin neural system plays a pivotal role in each aspect of the mother-infant bonding, although the mechanisms underlying bond formation in the brain of infants has not yet been clarified. Impairment of mother-infant bonding strongly influences offspring sociality. We describe the negative effects of mother-infant bonding deprivation on the neurobehavioral development in rodent offspring, even if weaning occurs in the later lactating period. We also discuss similar effects observed in pigs and dogs, which are usually weaned earlier than under natural conditions. The comparative understanding of the developmental consequences of mother-infant bonding and the underlying mechanisms provide insight into the biological significance of this bonding in mammals, and may help us to understand psychiatric disorders related to child abuse or childhood neglect. |
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Keywords: | AVP, arginine vasopressin AVP1b, 1b type of AVP receptor BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid GABA, gamma amino butyric acid GalCer, galactosylceramide GR, glucocorticoid receptor HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 5HT, 5-hydoroxytryptamine 5HT1A, 1A type of 5HT receptor 5HT1B, 1B type of 5HT receptor Hz, Hertz = cycle per second LC, locus coeruleus mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid MBPs, myelin basic proteins NE, norepinephrine NeuN, neufonal nuclei-a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates OT, oxytocin OTKO, oxytocin knockout OTRKO, oxytocin receptor knockout PVN, paraventricular nucleus Tuj1, neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin USV, ultrasonic vocalization |
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