青藏高原旅游经济与生态环境协调效应测度及交互胁迫关系验证

青藏高原地区壮美的自然风光、神奇的人文景观和独特的民族文化,使其成为国内外旅游者倾心向往的世外桃源,亟需进一步探究其旅游经济与生态环境之间的交互耦合关系。本文创建青藏高原旅游经济与生态环境综合评价指标体系,采用青海省和西藏自治区15个地市州2000-2017年面板数据探究旅游经济与生态环境协调效应及交互胁迫关系。结果显示： ① 2000-2017年青藏高原仅有拉萨和西宁旅游经济指数呈现快速增长趋势,其余地市州均呈现缓慢增长趋势,生态环境指数整体较高,仅有西宁和海东呈现波动增长趋势,其余地市州变化平缓;② 青藏高原旅游经济与生态环境复合系统协调度时序上呈现波动增长趋势,空间上呈现南高北低、东高西低的分布格局;青海呈现以西宁为核心,逐层向外递减的核心-边缘空间格局;西藏呈现以拉萨为中心,南高北低的空间格局;③ 青藏高原复合系统协同效应子类型主要是旅游经济滞后型,西宁和拉萨呈现“旅游经济滞后-系统均衡发展-生态环境滞后”的变化趋势;④ 基于双指数模型证实了青藏高原旅游经济与生态环境之间具有交互胁迫关系。

Examining the Coordination Effect and Interactive Stress between Tourism Economy and Eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

The magnificent natural scenery, magical cutrual landscape, and unique ethnic culture have made the Tibetan Plateau a paradise for tourists from home and abroad, and it is urgent to further explore the interactive coupling relationship between tourism economy and ecological environment. This paper constructed a comprehensive index system for assessing the tourism economy and eco-environment system in the Tibetan Plateau, and usedthe panel data of 15 cities and states in Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region from 2000 to 2017 to examine the coordination effect and interactive stress between tourism economy and eco-environment system. Results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2017, only Lhasa and Xining's tourism economyindex showed a rapid growth trend, while the other cities and states showed a slow growth trend. The overall eco-environment index of the Tibetan Plateau was relatively high, only Xining and Haidong showed a fluctuating growth trend, while the other cities and states showed gentle changes; (2) The coordination between the tourism economy and the eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau manifested a fluctuating growth trend over time, and presented a core-peripheryspatial pattern of "high in the south and low in the north, high in the east and low in the west" in Qinghai (with Xining as the core) and Tibet (with Lhasa as the core). (3) The dominant type of synergistic effects of the composite system in the Tibetan Plateauis" tourism economy lagging behind eco-environment." Lhasa and Xining both show the trend of thee stages: tourism economy lagging behind eco-environment-balanced development of the two systems eco-environment lagging behind tourism economy; (4) Based on the double-exponential coupling function relation model, it was confirmed that there was interactive stressbetween the tourism economy and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau.