奶牛粪微好氧耦合功能膜贮存稳定性与气体减排研究

集约化养殖场奶牛粪集中产出量大,资源化利用前贮存过程因局部厌氧易产生氨气和温室气体等,造成氮素损失和环境污染。采用具有选择渗透性的功能膜作为覆盖材料同时耦合微好氧环境,对比分析未覆膜大气环境下贮存物料特性动态变化,探索微好氧耦合功能膜技术对奶牛粪稳定贮存和气体减排的可行性。以奶牛粪为原料,在智能型膜覆盖好氧堆肥反应器系统中进行为期30 d的贮存试验。试验设置覆膜组和对照组,采用反馈调节模式使反应器内氧气体积分数处于4%~6%的微好氧状态,监测分析贮存过程堆体理化、生物学指标的动态变化和主要气体排放规律。研究结果表明:微好氧耦合功能膜技术更有利于奶牛粪的稳定贮存,且与对照组相比,贮存过程排放至环境中的氨气量减少14.4%,总温室气体排放量减少25.58%,减排效果显著。

Storage Stability of Micro-aerobic Coupling Functional Membrane and Gas Emission Reduction of Dairy Manure

Intensive farming produces a large amount of dairy manure every day. The pre storage process of resource utilization is easy to produce ammonia gas and greenhouse gas due to local anaerobic areas, which caused the loss of nitrogen and environmental pollution. The functional membrane with selective permeability was used as the covering material and coupled with the micro aerobic environment, and the dynamic changes of storage materials were analyzed to explore the feasibility of micro-aerobic coupling membrane technology for storage stability of dairy manure and gas emission reduction. Dairy manure was used as experimental materials, and membrane with selective permeability was used as covering material, the storage trial was carried out in an intelligent lab-scale membrane covered aerobic composting reactor system for 30 d. There were membrane-covered treatment and control treatment in this trial. To make the internal oxygen concentration between 4% and 6%, the oxygen concentration in the reactor was controlled by the feedback regulation mode through the pipe at the bottom of the reactor. Physicochemical indicators, biological indicators and main gases emission were monitored and analyzed in the storage process. The results showed that the micro aerobic coupling membrane technology was more conducive to storage stability compared with conventional storage. And the effect of gas emission reduction was significant. Compared with the control group, the ammonia gas emission was decreased by 14.4%, and the total greenhouse gas emission was decreased by 25.58% in the membrane-covered group.