Subgroup trends in alcohol and cannabis co-use and related harms during the rollout of recreational cannabis legalization in Washington state |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;2. Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States;3. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;1. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States;2. University of Missouri-Kansas City, United States;1. Institute for Translational Research in Children’s Mental Health and Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 1100 Washington Ave S., Suite 101, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA;2. University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1100 NE 45th St., Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA;1. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA;3. Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S 4thSt, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA;4. Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA;5. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe US state of Washington legalized recreational cannabis in 2012; how this impacted the co-use of cannabis and alcohol in the population overall and among key subgroups has not been examined. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in patterns of alcohol- and cannabis use and alcohol-related harms during the rollout of retail recreational cannabis stores.MethodsData come from six cross-sectional samples recruited between January 2014-October 2016 via Random Digit Dial procedures (N = 5492). Survey-weighted multivariable regression adjusting for gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, marital status, cannabis use, and survey year were used for statistical analyses.ResultsIn the sample overall, no significant changes were observed in any alcohol use measures between 2014–2016, while the prevalence of cannabis use significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 25.0% to 31.7%, the prevalence of alcohol-related harms at home significantly decreased from 2.1% to 1.0%, and the prevalence of alcohol-related financial harms decreased from 1.5% to 0.8%. Both women and men significantly increased any cannabis use, while women also experienced significantly fewer alcohol-related harms at home and financial harms over time, and increases in the prevalence of cannabis users/non-drinkers. Those 18–29 years old significantly reduced the number of drinking days and overall volume in the past 30 days, and those 30–49 years old significantly decreased alcohol-related harms at home and financial harms. Those 50+ years old significantly increased any cannabis use and simultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol. Non-cannabis users slightly decreased average number of drinks/day, and cannabis users significantly decreased alcohol-related financial harms.ConclusionsBetween 2014–2016, the years during and immediately following the introduction of legal recreational cannabis stores in Washington state, there were no significant changes in cannabis and alcohol co-use or overall alcohol consumption. The only significant changes in the sample overall were an increase in any cannabis use and decreases in alcohol-related harms at home and alcohol-related financial harms. |
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| Keywords: | Cannabis Marijuana Alcohol Co-use Trends Cannabis legalization Washington |
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