贵州省2011—2021年0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件分析

  目的  对2011—2021年贵州省0~6岁儿童的食源性疾病暴发事件监测结果进行描述和统计分析，为儿童的食源性疾病预防控制提供支撑依据。  方法  对监测系统中2011—2021年0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件数据进行流行病学特征分析，以发病率为因变量，以致病因素、居住地等因素为自变量，进行因素分析。  结果  2011—2021年0~6岁儿童的食源性疾病暴发事件共报告618起，占报告总体食源性疾病暴发事件的21.29%。发病1 169人，住院833人，死亡18人，病死率为1.54%；上报事件集中发生在夏秋季节，5月为报告高峰，共报告159起；报告事件数最多的地区为遵义、铜仁，分别报告169，98起；主要是农村家庭误食误用引起食源性疾病；毒蘑菇及其毒素、有毒植物及其毒素和不明原因是主要致病因素；发病率在不同年份、居住地、致病因素等因素间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为3 444.44，577.82，1 935.15，P值均＜0.05)。  结论  0~6岁儿童的食源性疾病暴发事件在贵州省总体食源性疾病暴发事件中占比较大，病死率较高。要加强对儿童食源性疾病的防控，且农村家庭是重点防控宣教对象。

Foodborne disease outbreaks analysis of children aged 0 to 6 years in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2021

  Objective  To describe and statistically analyze the monitoring results of foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2021, and to provide support for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in children in the future.  Methods  The epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years in the monitoring system from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed. Chi-square test analysis was performed with the incidence rate as the dependent variable and the pathogenic factors, residence and other factors as independent variables.  Results  A total of 618 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in children aged 0-6 years, accounting for 21.29% of the total foodborne disease outbreaks reported. There were 1 169 cases, 833 hospitalizations and 18 deaths, with a mortality rate of 1.54%. The reported incidents were concentrated in summer and autumn, with a peak of 159 reported incidents in May; the largest number of incidents was reported in Zunyi and Tongren, with 169 and 98 incidents respectively. Mainly rural families misuse caused by food-borne diseases; poisonous mushrooms and their toxins, poisonous plants and their toxins and unknown causes are the main pathogenic factor; there were significant differences in the incidence among different years, places of residence and pathogenic factors (χ2=3 444.44, 577.82, 1 935.15, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years account for a large proportion in the total foodborne disease outbreaks in Guizhou Province, and the mortality rate is high. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in children, and rural families are the focus of prevention and control.