镰刀菌属真菌毒素的毒性研究进展

镰刀属真菌毒素是非常重要的一类真菌毒素,其种类繁多,污染率高,性质差异大,毒性也较强。本综述总结了较为常见的28种镰刀属真菌毒素(T-2毒素、HT-2毒素、蛇形毒素、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、镰刀菌烯酮、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马毒素B_1、B_2、B_3、串珠镰刀菌素、白僵菌素以及恩镰孢菌素等)近40年来体内、体外毒性研究资料,主要涵盖急性毒性、慢性毒性的致癌性、生长生殖毒性、致突变和基因毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性、细胞毒性及血液毒性。同时对伏马毒素B_1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其他几种常见毒素间的协同毒性作用进行概述。体内毒性实验研究中主要采用口服和腹腔注射的给药方式;而最常用的实验动物为鸡、小鼠、大鼠和猪。体外毒性实验研究用细胞为:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株、人类巨核红细胞祖细胞以及动物肾脏上皮细胞等。对此类真菌毒素毒性的总结,可进一步加深对毒素的认识,并为食品、饲料及中药安全性方面相关的法律法规制订提供重要依据。

Research progress on toxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins

The Fusarium mycotoxins are the most prevalent and harmful mycotoxins contaminated food and traditional Chinese drugs. Fusarium species produce so many different kinds of mycotoxins with a wide range of properties. This review summarized the toxicological information of 28 common mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, moniliformin, beauvericin and enniatins, etc) produced by Fusarium genera fungi in recent 40 years. Acute toxicity and chronic toxicity including carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and hematotoxicity are the most common studies. Some mycotoxins information of combined toxicity was also collected in this paper, including the most common mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol and other familiar mycotoxins. The most widely used animals of in vivo studies were chickens, mice, rats and pigs. The predominant routes of administration were oral and peritoneal injection. The cells used commonly in vitro toxicity researches were Salmonella typhimurium strains, human megakaryocyte, and kidney epithelial cells, etc. This review summarized different toxicities of mycotoxins, which may deepen our understanding of mycotoxins and provide important basis for the regulations related to food and traditional Chinese medicine safety.