在新古典框架内分析人力资本与收入分配

通过研究人力资本对工资收入分配的影响,将收入分配嵌入到新古典经济增长理论框架中.把劳动市场分为技术工人和非技术工人两个劳动市场,其中技术工人需要人力资本投资, 且工人为实现个体最大收入选择进行或不进行人力资本投资.假设人力资本和物质资本的折旧率分别为"1"和"0"并求解社会福利最大化问题.研究发现,经济在社会福利达到最大化的均衡增长途径上依然存在收入分配不平等,且分配不平等程度是常数.均衡时经济中人力资本投资收益率等于物质资本投资收益率.对于有能力进行人力资本投资成为技术工人的个体来讲,进行人力资本投资和物质资本投资是无差异的.这部分人可能根据技术工人和非技术工人相对工资的波动以及人力资本和物质资本投资相对收益率的波动在两个劳动市场之间流动.这种流动既会使经济偏离Solow均衡增长路径,也会把经济拉回Solow路径,同时还会把分配不平等保持在一定限度内.

Human Capital and Income Distribution:A Neoclassical Economic View

This thesis tries to analyze in the framework of neo-classical growth theory the effects of human capital on income distribution. It first tries to integrate the question of income distribution into the neo-classical growth theory. We try to study the questions in a closed economy with this rate flexible. this thesis tries to investigate an economy with only two levels of human capital. Under some assumptions inclusive that of depreciation on human capital and material capital being 1 and 0, respectively, we solve the social welfare maximum question from the angle of a social planner and come to the conclusion that there would be distributive inequality in the Solow steady growth path and its extent be a constant. On the equilibrium, the rate of wages for both groups of workers would be constant. It is said that the rates of returns to both material and human capital should be the same when the economy equilibrates. For individuals who are able to invest in human capital to become skilled, it is indifferent to invest in both kinds of capital. There are peoples, therefore, who migrate between the labor markets for skilled or unskilled workers. Their mobility may lead the economy go away from the equilibrium, but also, more possibly, lead it return to the new equilibrium again.