Actuation behaviour of layered composites of polyaniline,carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;2. Platforms Science Laboratory, Maritime Platforms Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, P.O. Box 4331, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia;1. Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. CMSE, CSIRO, 37 Graham Road, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia;3. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Development and Application for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;2. Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Kuang Fu Rd 321, 30011 Hsinchu, Taiwan;3. School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 1142, Auckland, New Zealand;4. Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehuajie, Guangzhou 510640, China;6. University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, IMS lab, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia;1. Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;2. Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;3. NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City, 702000, Viet Nam |
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| Abstract: | Layered composites of polyaniline (PAn), single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polypyrrole (PPy) were produced by coating PAn or PAn/CNT on a PPy hollow fibre containing a platinum (Pt) helix. The actuation behaviour of PAn/PPy and PAn/CNT/PPy composites was compared with that of neat PPy. The Pt helix reduces the IR drop along the fibre, thus enhancing the actuation strain. Components of the composite with low actuation strain such as PAn and/or CNT restrict the actuation displacement of the PPy substrate causing a reduced strain in the composite. In particular, a minimal quantity of CNT (1.3 wt.%) in the composite leads to a discernible decrease in actuation strain but also increases the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the composite. Sodium nitrate (1 M) aqueous solution used as an electrolyte gives good actuation stability where the actuation strain is almost independent of applied stress (5–12 MPa). This can be explained by the unchanged Young's modulus at the reduced (contracted) and oxidized (expanded) states during the actuation process. The polyaniline/polypyrrole composite produced the highest work-per-cycle reported to date under isotonic conditions. |
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