急诊危重患者急性肾损伤发生的危险因素分析

目的:调查急诊抢救室患者急性肾损伤（acute kindey injury，AKI）的发生率并探讨相关危险因素。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法，纳入2018年9~12月经由本院抢救室收治的患者，根据患者入院后7 d内是否发生AKI，将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组。收集患者入抢救室时的人口学特征、APACHE Ⅱ评分、是否使用肾脏毒性药物、24 h液体出入量及院内生存时间等相关指标。使用多因素Logistic回归分析AKI发生的危险因素。使用COX回归研究AKI的发生对患者住院生存率的影响，并分析AKI严重程度对患者死亡风险的影响。结果:纳入急诊抢救室的患者238例，其中108例发生AKI（45.4%），AKI 1期83例（34.9%），AKI 2~3期25例（10.5%）。APACHE Ⅱ评分>13分[ OR=1.11，95% CI（1.07~1.16）， P<0.01]，应用血管活性药[ OR=2.20，95% CI（1.08~4.49）， P=0.03]，糖尿病（ OR=2.33，95% CI（1.23~4.42）， P=0.01），24 h入量>3 L（ OR=3.10，95% CI（1.17~8.25）， P=0.02）是发生AKI的独立危险因素。多因素COX回归校正APACHE Ⅱ评分和年龄后,AKI仍是急诊抢救室患者死亡的独立危险因素，且AKI严重程度显著增加急诊患者死亡风险[AKI1期 HR=1.45,95% CI（1.08~2.03）, P=0.04; AKI2-3期 HR=3.15，95% CI（1.49~4.81）， P=0.03]。 结论:急诊抢救室患者中AKI的发生较常见。APACHE Ⅱ评分>13分,应用血管活性药，糖尿病，24 h入量>3 L是发生AKI的独立危险因素。随着AKI严重程度的增加，死亡风险增加。

Risk factors of acute kindey injury in critical patients in emergency department

Objective:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in patients admitted to the resuscitation room of the Emergency Department.Methods:Patients were enrolled from the resuscitation room of our hospital from September to December 2018 by a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred within seven days after admission. Demographic characteristics, APACHEⅡ score, whether to use nephrotoxic drugs,24-hour fluid volume, and patients survival time were collected. Multivariate regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for AKI. Cox regression was used to study the effect of the occurrence of AKI on survival and to analyze the influence of AKI severity on the death risk of patients in the resuscitation room.Results:Among 238 critical patients who were finally included, 108 patients developed AKI(45.4%), 83 patients were in AKI stage 1 (34.9%), and 25 patients were in AKI stage 2-3 ( 10.5%).APACHEⅡ score>13( OR=1.11, 95% CI (1.08-1.16), P <0.01), vasoactive drugs ( OR=2.20, c95% CI (1.08-4.49), P=0.03), diabetes mellitus ( OR=2.33, 95% CI (1.23-4.42), P=0.01), and fluid load> 3 L( OR=3.10, 95% CI (1.17-8.25). P=0.02) were independent risk factors for AKI. After adjustment for APACHEⅡ score and age by multivariate COX regression, AKI remained an independent risk factor for death in emergency patients, and the severity of AKI significantly increased the risk of death in these patients(AKI 1: HR=1.45, 95% CI (1.08-2.03), P =0.04; AKI 2~3: HR=3.15, 95% CI (1.49-4.81), P=0.03). Conclusions:AKI occurred commonly in the resuscitation room of the emergency department. APACHE Ⅱ score>13, vasoactive drugs, diabetes, and fluid load>3 L were independent risk factors for AKI. The risk of death increased with the aggravation of AKI severity.