我国极地海底观测系统的发展与展望

极地海洋特殊环境对观测技术提出了更高的要求.随着海底观测技术的日趋成熟,极地海底观测系统也得到了一定的发展,但后勤保障的高要求制约了系统的发展,目前广泛使用的仍是潜标系统.受国家高技术研究发展计划、国家海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目和南北极环境综合考察与评估专项等支持,我国发展了极地在线近岸海洋环境监测系统、极地潜标和极地大型海—气耦合浮标等海床基观测系统,对我国的极地海洋学观测与研究做出了积极贡献.但总体而言,我国的极地海底观测仍未形成真正意义上的网络体系.未来有望在北冰洋太平洋扇区和南大洋普里兹湾率先建立海床基观测体系,系统观测并揭示该海域的环境变化特性.

Development and Prospect of Chinese Polar Seabed Observation Systems

The observation technology is important in the study of polar oceans due to their special environment. Following the development of seafloor observatory technology, the polar seabed observation system has also been developed in some extent, such as German Arctic HAUSGARTEN system, American Polar Remote Interactive Marine Observatory (PRIMO), however, the logistical requirements restrict the development of the system in polar region. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program, the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project of China, and Antarctic and Arctic Environment Investigation and Comprehensive Assessment Special Project, we have developed and deployed a polar nearshore marine environment monitoring system, large polar air ocean coupling buoy and some mooring systems, which make a positive contribution to China’s polar oceanographic observations and researches. However, in general, a network system of China’s polar seabed observatory has not yet formed. As a prospect, a series of seabed observation systems is going to be developed in the Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin and Antarctic Prydz Bay to systematically observe and reveal the characteristics of the marine environment in these areas.