地震沉积学 ——地震解释的新思路及沉积研究的新工具

地震沉积学是继地震地层学和层序地层学之后出现的一门新兴学科。地震沉积学利用地震振幅信息和属性分析技术研究沉积岩石学、古地貌学、沉积结构以及沉积演化历史等。地震沉积学充分利用了三维地震数据的横向分辨力，其关键技术是层序地层框架的建立和地层切片体（等时地质切片）的生成。结合地震地层学、层序地层学和地震沉积学的发展历程对地震沉积学的现状和趋势进行了探讨，认为90°相位转换和分频解释仅仅是地震沉积学研究的技术手段，而不是其关键技术；对于地震同相轴的穿时性问题，也仅存在于3级或4级层中，并且这种穿时性与“沉积物体分配空间”和“相异作用”有关。

Seismic sedimentology: A new idea for seismic interpretation and new tool for sedimentological studies

Seismic sedimentology is a new discipline emerged after seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. Seismic sedimentology studies sedimentary petrology, palaeogeomorphology, depositional texture, and sedimentary evolution history via seismic amplitude and attribute analysis. Seismic sedimentology takes full advantage of the lateral resolution of 3-D seismic data, its key techniques includes the building of sequence stratigraphic framework and generation of stratal slice (isochronal geologic slice). Based on a review of the history of seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigrapy, and seismic sedimentology, this paper discussed the status and future trend of the seismic sedimentology, and pointed out that 90° phase transformation and frequency division interpretation are just the two technical means rather than key techniques for seismic sedimentological studies. The diachronism of seismic lineups occurs only at the third-level or fourth-level sequences, and is related with sediment volume partitioning and facies differentiation.