2011-2013年医院感染调查分析

了解住院患者医院感染情况,为医院感染监测和防控提供依据。方法：采用前瞻性与回顾性调查相结合的方法,对2011年1月~2013年12月住院患者病历99725份进行医院感染调查分析。结果：2011~2013年医院感染率分别为2.69%、2.57%、2.61%;医院感染发生率最高的科室是ICU,占32.37%,其次为神经外科（9.54%）、血液内科（7.18%）;感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占46.19%,其次为泌尿道（16.10%）、上呼吸道（9.91%）;分离的病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占57.88%,其次为革兰氏阳性菌（22.01%）,真菌（20.11%）;侵袭性操作、化疗等是医院感染的危险因素。结论：加强对医院重点科室、重点部位及重点环节的监测与干预,提高医务人员感染控制意识,合理使用抗菌药物,对降低医院感染具有重要意义。

Investigation and analysis of nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2013

To study the prevalence of nosocomial infection in a general hospital so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of the nosocomial infections. Methods： By means of the prospective monitoring combined with the retrospective survey, totally 99725 medical records of inpatients from 2011 to 2013 were investigated and analyzed. Results：The rate of nosocomial infections was 2.69% in 2011, 2.57% in 2012, and 2.61% in 2013, respectively; ICU had the highest infection rate of 32.37%, followed by the department of neurosurgery （9.54%） and hematology （7.18%）; The lower respiratory tract ranked the first place among the infection sites, accounting for 46.19%, followed by the urinary tract （16.10%）, upper respiratory tract （9.91%）; The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the isolated bacteria, accounting for 57.88%, followed by the gram-positive bacteria （22.01%） and fungus （20.11%）; Invasive operation, chemotherapy were risk factors for nosocomial infections. Conclusion：It is of great significance in reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections to strengthen the control of the nosocomial infections in the key departments, sites and links, improve the awareness of infection control of the medical staff, and reasonably use antibiotics.