自由曲面五轴加工刀具轨迹规划技术的研究进展

利用五坐标设备进行自由曲面的数控加工是提高加工质量和加工效率的有效途径，自由曲面形状和五坐标机床运动的复杂性导致其刀具轨迹规划技术十分困难。针对自由曲面五坐标端铣加工、侧铣加工以及碰撞干涉分析中的关键技术，综述了近年来自由曲面五坐标数控加工领域刀具轨迹规划技术的研究进展和现状。结合自由曲面数控加工的工程实用性要求，分析了当前研究中存在的不足，指出目前的研究成果在通用性、稳定性和有效性方面尚不能完全满足工程应用，认为自由曲面五坐标数控加工刀具轨迹规划技术的研究应从三维的角度出发，在更为广域的刀具影响空间研究刀具同自由曲面之间的几何啮合关系，同时需要考虑机床的运动学和动力学特性以实现五坐标机床的高速和高效运行。

Advances in Tool Path Planning Techniques for 5-axis Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

Five-axis numerical control machining is an effective means to improve the machining quality and efficiency of the sculptured surface. However, the complexities of the sculptured surface shape and the 5-axis machine tool movement make it very difficult to plan the tool paths. Aiming at the key techniques in the field of end milling, flank milling and collision analysis of 5-axis sculptured surface machining, the current research progresses of 5-axis tool path planning for sculptured surfaces machining are summarized. In view of the engineering practicability requirement, the deficiencies existing in the current research are analyzed. It is pointed out that the current research achievements cannot completely satisfy the engineering application in respect of universality, stability and validity, and that the research of the tool path planning for 5-axis sculptured surface machining should proceed from the viewpoint of three dimensions, and the geometrical meshing relationship between the cutter and the sculptured surface should be researched in a wider cutter influence space . Meanwhile, the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of 5-axis machine tool must be taken into account during the tool path planning process in order to achieve high speed and efficient running of 5-axis machine tool.