中药防风栽培品与野生品药材性状显微组织差异比较研究

目的:中药防风栽培品与野生品药材性状显微组织差异比较.方法:药材性状比对,根横切面、粉末显微特征测量和比对.结果:药材性状方面:防风野生品根呈长圆锥形或长圆柱形,少分枝;根头部有明显密集的环纹;断面有多数棕色油点;气味特异.防风栽培品根常有分枝;根头部横环纹较少,断面棕色油点较少;气微.显微组织方面:防风野生品根横切面韧皮部有多数类圆形油管,10～22环列;木质部导管呈放射状排列,但年轮状不明显.防风栽培品根横切面韧皮部油管10～11轮;木质部导管可见大小相间呈年轮状.结论:防风栽培品与野生品在药材性状和显微组织上存在一定差异,外观性状的差异和根横切面韧皮部油管环数的多少,可以作为两者的鉴别特征;1～4年的栽培防风可以根据木质部导管的年轮判别生长年限.

Difference of shapes and properties and microscopic frameworks between wild and cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia

Objective: To find the difference of the shapes and properties and the microscopic frameworks between wild and cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia. Method: The shapes and properties, the characters of transverse section, the powder and disintegrated tissue of roots of medical materials were compared by microscopic measuring. Result: Wild Radix Saposhnikovia had a long conical or cylindrical root, and fewer root branches. It showed a close annulus grain on top root, cortical section of root in light brown colour, many brown oil spots and possessed typical odor, While cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia had many root branches, and showed less annulus grain on top root, cortical section of root in light yellow brown colour, less brown oil spots and possessed light odor. The difference of microscopic histological structure was that wild Radix Saposhnikovia had phloem transverse section of root with many rotundity oil tube lining up 10-22 rings, xylem vessel with radiate rank, and indistinct annual ring. While cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia had phloem transverse section of root with oil tube lining up 10-11 rings and xylem vessel with distinct annual ring. Conclusion: There exists several differences between wild and cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia in shapes and properties and differences of microscopic frameworks. The main characteristics are the differences of shapes and numbers of oil tube of phloem transverse section of root. The cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia of 1-4 years can be recognized by annual rings of xylem vessel.