能源互联网中虚拟电厂的运行模式及启示

全球能源互联网方兴未艾，虚拟电厂（virtual power plant, VPP）的建设不仅是全球能源互联网建设中的重要组成部分，也是我国解决资源短缺、环境污染的重要手段，为此，理解和掌握虚拟电厂的关键技术和运行原理具有重要意义。该文旨在分析虚拟电厂的运行模式，可为虚拟电厂在我国的建设提供理论和实践经验。首先，基于现有文献对虚拟电厂的表述，明确了虚拟电厂概念、典型特征，并依据功能不同，将虚拟电厂分为商业型虚拟电厂（commercial virtual power plant , CVPP）和技术型虚拟电厂（technical virtual power plant , TVPP）两大类。其次，从物理结构、信息模型、市场角色等方面详细阐述了能源互联网和虚拟电厂之间的关系。再次，归纳了德国虚拟电厂中典型示范工程的运行原理及运行状况。最后，基于我国当前配电系统的发展水平和电力体制改革的相关政策，展望了虚拟电厂技术在我国的应用前景，并对有待解决的关键问题提出建议，为虚拟电厂的构建者和决策者提供理论依据。

Operation Mode of Virtual Power Plant in Energy Internet and Its Enlightenment

Nowadays, the global energy internet is popular, and building the VPP （virtual power plant） is an important step to construct the global energy internet and an important means to relieve the energy shortages and environmental pollution in China. Therefore, its really important to understand and grasp the key technologies and operation principles of VPP. The purpose of this paper is to provide the theoretical and practical experience for the VPP construction in China by analyzing its operating mode. Firstly, based on the statement of VPP in other literatures, the detail concept and typical features of VPP are definitely summarized, and according to the different functions, the VPP is divided into two categories： CVPP （commercial virtual power plant） and TVPP （technical virtual power plant）. Then, the relationships between energy internet and VPP are expounded in detail from different perspectives, such as physical structure, information model, market roles and so on. And then, we summary the operation principle and condition of the typical demonstration project of VPP in Germany. An last, according to the current development level of power distribution system and the relevant policies of power system reform in China, we discuss the application prospect of VPP in China, and propose the suggestions on the key issues to be resolved, which can provide a theoretical basis for the builders and decision maker of VPP.