乌克兰四零八军区医院抢救切尔诺贝利核电站事故伤员的经验

切尔诺贝利核电站事故发生后,先后有30万左右的军人参加事故救援.本文介绍了乌克兰四零八军区医院对切尔诺贝利核电站事故伤员救治工作的任务.介绍了医疗救援三个阶段的时间划分、任务重点、兵力的投入及其结构组成.介绍了医院内部专门科室的建立、对受照剂量为0.25～0.50Gy的594例伤员健康状况的分析,其血液学改变的发生率随受照剂量增加而增多.介绍了参与救治工作医师们研究的主要内容,强调要考虑小剂量辐射对心血管系统和胃肠道的远期效应.根据救治工作的经验,分析了救治过程中存在的问题.

The Experiences of the Ukraine Military 408 hospital on rescuing and treating the injuried people in the Chernobyl accident

300 000 military people attended the rescue task of the Chernobyl accident, some of them encountered a certain level of radiation exposure. The present paper outlined the work and experiences of the faculty of Ukraine Military 408 hospital on the mission of rescuing and treating the injured people. The action of first aid, medical rescue, and treatment includes three stages, and has being persisted till now. It was herewith reported that the emphatic working points, scale of military rescue and medical assistance and the composition of working teams for each stage. The hospital has de novel established the necessary clinical and experimental departments according to the need of rescuing task. 594 people, who exposed to radiation at the dose range from 0. 25 to 0. 5Gy, were carried out physical examination, experimental check and health analysis in this hospital. The occurrence of hematological change was increased along with the increased radiation dose. It should be pointed out that the late effects of cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal system must be paid attention for these exposed people. The present paper also discussed the problem and other issues to he improved in the process of rescue and medical assistance.