公共资源的特性与治理模式分析

公共资源作为公共物品的一种，具有消费的非排他性、竞争性、外部性等特征，容易诱发人们对公共资源过度的消费行为，以及在治理公共资源中的“搭便车”、规避责任及其他机会主义行为，致使公共资源面临耗竭性退化的困境。科层制治理、市场制治理、自主组织治理与网络治理正是人们为解决公共资源困境所作的制度安排。在公共资源治理中，应根据公共资源的内容和特性选择恰当的治理模式，以此实现公共资源的有效治理，使公共资源得以永续利用。

Analysis on the Characteristics and Governance Model of Public Resource

As a kind of public goods, public resource has the characteristics of non excludability, rivalrousness, externality, and so on. It will easily elicit the excessive consumption, free rider, evading responsibilities and other opportunistic actions. These actions bring public resource into an exhausting predicament. Hierarchy governance, market governance, autonomous organization governance and network governance are the institutional designs for the predicament of public resource. In public resource governance, we must choose the proper governance form according to the contents and characteristics of public resource to realize effective governance and persistent use of public resource.