急性上颌窦炎实验动物模型的建立

目的:拟建立急性上颌窦炎的实验动物模型,并探讨窦口的阻塞和致病菌的毒力在急性上颌窦炎的发病机制中的地位。方法:第一天,阻塞单侧窦口,对侧做假手术。次日,注入0.5ml108CFU/ml肺炎链球菌悬浮液。第五天处死动物、观察、分离培养细胞、取材和制作切片。结果:阻塞上颌窦口和注入肺炎链球菌的联合组,鼻部症状明显;进食量减少;鼻窦粘膜水肿、微红,具有较多脓性分泌物,微血管扩张,白细胞浸润;肺炎链球菌的重新分离培养率为100％（与其余组比较具有显著意义P<0.01）。而仅阻塞上颌窦口或仅注入肺炎链球菌或假手术均无明显临床症状及组织病理学改变,细胞培养率也低。结论:窦口的阻塞和致病菌的毒力是上颌窦炎发生发展的重要的条件,其中,窦口的阻塞起着关键性作用;联合阻塞窦口并注入有荚膜的肺炎链球菌能较理想地建立急性上颌窦炎实验动物模型。

Establishment of experimental model of acute maxillary sinusitis

Objective:To establish an experimental model of acute maxillary sinusitis in New Zealand white rabbits and to further determine the mechanism of acute maxillary sinusitis. Methods:The sinus ostium was blocked on one side on the first day of the expriment. On the second day, 108 CFO/ml Streptococcus pneumoniae was injected into the same sinus cavity. On the fifth day, the animals were killed,isolated the bacteria and took specimens. Results:Purulent sinusitis developed unilaterally in all rabbitis (group A) induced by both obstructing the ostium and injecting streptococcus pneumoniae. Histo-logical examination of the infected sinus revealed mucosal edema, with infiltration of granulocytes and lymphocytes, hyper-plasia of the goblet cells and dilated venules. The bacteria were re-isolated in 100% in group A(Significantly different from other groups). Group B treated only by obstructing the ostium did not display sinusitis. Group C treated only by injecting streptococcus pneumoniae appeared nearly normal. Conclusion: Obstruction of the sinus ostuim and the pathogenicity of bacteria are important and essential in the development of sinusitis. An Experimental model of acute maxillary sinusitis may be established by occlusion of sinus ostium and introduction of streptococcus pneumoniae with capsule.