深松铲铲尖对土壤扰动过程及效果的试验与分析

铲尖是深松铲的关键部件之一,其对土壤扰动产生重要影响。在分析铲尖对土壤扰动过程及影响机理的基础上,以凿形铲、箭形铲、翼形铲为对象,用碎土率、土壤蓬松度、土壤扰动系数、地表平整度等评价指标,并用高速摄影技术进一步研究不同铲尖形状对土壤扰动过程及效果的影响。结果表明:(1)铲尖形状对土壤扰动过程产生重要影响,翼形铲作业形成垄沟的地表宽度及沟底宽度最大,箭形铲次之、凿形铲最小;(2)随深松铲铲尖与土壤接触面积及土块间的二次接触概率的增加,土壤破碎效果不断改善,采用凿形铲、箭形铲、翼形铲深松后,10cm耕层的碎土率分别为89.29%、90.87%、94.75%,全耕层的碎土率分别为85.09%、92.23%、96.13%;(3)铲尖形状是影响土壤疏松程度和地表平整性的重要因素,凿形铲对土壤的疏松效果较箭形铲与翼形铲差,但其耕后地表平整度优于箭形铲与翼形铲。综合考虑作业质量、减阻效果、材料等因素,应合理确定铲尖与土壤接触面积,加强铲尖对土壤类型的适应性研究,强化带翼凿式铲铲翼的合理布置位置及其结构参数的研究。

Experiment and analysis of the subsoiler tine shape to the soil disturbance process and effect

Tine shape is one of the key components of subsoiler,and it has an important impact on soil disturbance.Based on the influence mechanism to analyze the tine shape to soil disturbance process,taking the chisel shovel,arrow shovel and wing shovel as the objects,using evaluation indexes such as soil breaking rate,soil bulkiness and loose degree,soil disturbance coefficient and soil surface roughness,and the high-speed photographic technique further researched the influence of different shovel shapes on the soil disturbance process and effect.The results were indicated:(1) The shovel shape would produced an important impact to the soil disturbance process,the furrow surface width and furrow bottom width were the highest when operated by the wing shovel,the arrow shovel was the second,and the chisel shovel was the minimun.(2) With increasing contact area of subsoiler shovel to soil and second contact probability between soil blocks,the soil crushing effect was continuously improved.Aftersubsoiling by using the chisel shovel,arrow shovel and wing shovel,soil breaking rate in 10 cm topsoil was 89.29％,90.87％ and 94.75％ respectively,and soil breaking rate in whole topsoil was 85.09％,92.23％ and 96.13％ separately.(3) The shovel shape was the important factor to influence soil loosening degree and soil surface roughness.The soil loose effect by chisel shovel was less than arrow shovel and wing shovel,but its soil surface roughness was better than arrow shovel and wing shovel.Comprehensively considered the factors as tillage quality,drag reduction effect,material and so on,the contact area of shovel tine to soil should be rationally confirmed,adaptable research of shovel to soil types should be enhanced,and the research of reasonable layout and its structure parameters of wing shovel should be strengthened.