河西黑河流域水文研究的若干进展

黑河流域历来是科学工作者研究寒区、旱区水文、水资源的典型区域．通过对它的研究，人们可以深入了解西北寒区、旱区冰川、积雪、冻土、高寒山区、山前地带和下游径流散失区的水文、水资源状况，进而为地区经济可持续发展提供及时的决策依据．20世纪80年代末以来，在用卫星监测祁连山积雪、冻土水文功能、黑河上游融雪径流预报等方面取得了多项研究成果．近几年来，黑河流域水文水资源研究在出山径流模拟与预测、地下水动态监测、水资源与生态环境的关系以及水资源合理开发利用等方面获得了长足的发展．展望未来，在黑河流域的研究将发展到以水循环为核心的，包括大气圈、生物圈、水圈和岩石圈各圈层在时空尺度上物质和能量相互转换的系统研究阶段，高新技术手段在实地观测和遥感、遥测中的应用将起到重要推动作用．

Progress in Hydrology of Heihe River Basin in Hexi Region

Heihe river basin has been taken as a typical region for scientists to study hydrology and water resource of cold and arid region in China. Through the systematic studies on this extensive inland catchment, it is helpful for us to enhance the better understandings on the hydrological regimes and water resource conditions of glacier, snow cover, permafrost, mountainous watersheds, the plain in front of the mountain and the downstream of runoff dissipating area in the cold- arid- region of China, so as to provide the basis on policy making the sustainable development of the regional economics. Since the late 1980's, achievements of scientific researches have been made on snow survey in the Qilian mountain by using remote sensing techniques, hydrological function of frozen soil and snow melting runoff forecast on upstream of the Heihe River Basin,etc.In recent years, in the studies of hydrology and water resources in Heihe river basin, great progress has been made on the simulation and prediction of stream-flow from the mountainous watersheds in the region as well as the clarification of the relationships between water resource and environment, the rational exploitation and utilization of the limited water resource and so on. Prospecting the future, the studies of hydrology in Heihe river basin will develop to a new stage centralized by water circulation addressing on the spatial and temporal interactions of energy and mass among atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere in a system integration scheme. The application and exploration of the high-tech means in ground survey,remote-sensing and telemetry will take the driving roles for the near future scientific development.