铁路施工企业国际竞争力研究（上）

铁路施工企业，由于体制改革，已从铁道部分离出来，其施工领域已从单一的铁路建设为重点的建筑市场，拓宽到包括公路、地铁、城市轻轨、机场、市政、民用建筑、水利水电等多元经营的综合建筑市场。随着我国“引进来”和“走出去”战略方针的实施，铁路施工企业必须加快与国际惯例接轨的步伐，提高国际竞争力。此文首先论述了我国铁路施工企业和国际竞争力的有关概念以及铁路施工企业自身的特征，在此基础上找出影响我国铁路施工企业国际竞争力的因素；然后借鉴国内外有关企业国际竞争力方面的研究及铁路施工企业本身的特征，建立一套适用于铁路施工企业国际竞争力的评价指标体系，并通过既有的评价方法对中铁二局股份有限公司进行了竞争力评价，利用简单直观的加权平均法来测试我国铁路施工企业的国际竞争力水平；最后，提出了一些提升铁路施工企业国际竞争力的对策，指出我国的铁路施工企业应该加快进行优化产业结构和领导结构，强化企业的经营战略，搞好本企业的劳务管理工作，改革一些传统的旧观念。

Study of international competitiveness for railway construction enterprises(Ⅰ)

Attributable to the structural reform, railway construction enterprises are separated from the Ministry of Railways. And the construction sphere is expanded from the unitary construction market with railway construction as the priority to a comprehensive construction market of multiple operation embracing highway, subway, urban rail transit, airport, municipal engineering, civil architecture, water conservancy and hydropower. Along with the implementation of the strategic policy of ＂bring in＂ and ＂go out＂ of our country, the railway construction enterprises must quicken their pace of keeping in line with the international practice to improve the competitiveness. This article expounds the related concepts of railway construcion enterprise ＆ international competitiveness and the self - features of these enterprises, based on which are found the factors affecting the international competitiveness of the railway construction enterprises of our country. Then by referring to the studies on the aspect of international competitiveness of relevant enterprises at home and abroad, is established a set of index system applicable to appraising the international competitiveness of railway construction enterprises. And through the existing assessment method, an appraisal of international competitiveness is made of the China Railway 2^nd Construction Bureau Corporation, in which the simple and direct visual method of weighted mean is used to test the international competitiveness of the railway construction enterprises of China. Finally, the article suggests some countermeasures to sharpen the internationally competitive edge of the construction enterprises of the railway and points out that the railway construction enterprises should speed up optimizing the industrial and leadership structures, strengthen the business operating strategy, do a good job of labour management of the enterprise and renovate a few traditional old concepts.