适合分布式冷热电联供系统的中小型发电装置

分布式冷热电联供（combined cooling，heating and power，CCHP）系统是一种小型、临近用户的新型供能方式，可避免能量长距离传输过程损失，同时具有灵活、高效、环保特点，成为大规模、集中式供能方式的重要补充。中小型发电装置是分布式冷热电联供系统的核心，制冷和制热也都围绕发电装置余热展开。对适合分布式冷热电联供系统的2类中小型发电装置的基本工作原理、热力性能和相关研究进展进行综述。一类是以化石燃料为能源输入的中小型发电装置，包括微型燃气轮机、燃气内燃机、小型燃气轮机和燃料电池；另一类是以发电装置余热或太阳能集热等其他热源为能源输入的中小型发电装置，包括有机朗肯循环、正逆耦合循环、热声发电机等。最后，对2类中小型发电装置的优缺点进行对比分析，为分布式供能系统的发电装置选型、系统方案设计等提供参考。

Small and Medium-scale Power Generation Devices Suiting for Distributed Combined Cooling,Heating and Power System

Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is a new type of distributed energy supply technology, which is small scale and close to users. It can avoid the energy loss during long-distance energy transmission process, and has the characteristics of flexibility, high efficiency and environmental protection. It is an important supplement to large-scale and centralized energy supply. Small and medium-scale power generation devices are the core of CCHP system, and both refrigeration and heating are carried out around the surplus heat of power generation devices. The basic working principle, thermal performance and related research progress of two types of small and medium-scale power generation devices for CCHP system were reviewed. One type is those using fossil fuels as energy input, including micro-turbines, internal combustion engines, small gas turbines and fuel cells. The other type is those using surplus heat from power generation devices or other heat sources such as concentrated solar heat, including organic Rankine cycles (ORC), power/cooling cogeneration cycles and thermoacoustic generators. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of small and medium-scale power generation devices were compared and analyzed, which provided a reference for the selection of small and medium-scale power generation devices and system design of CCHP system.