蛋鸡粪发酵腐熟肥对番茄生长性状、产量、品质和土壤的影响

为降低养殖粪污环境污染,减少化肥施用,该试验研究蛋鸡发酵腐熟有机肥替代化肥对番茄生长性状、产量、品质和土壤的影响,设置施用常规化肥（CK）、蛋鸡发酵腐熟有机肥1 000 kg/667 m²（F1）、蛋鸡发酵腐熟有机肥1 500 kg/667 m²（F2）和蛋鸡发酵腐熟有机肥2 000 kg/667 m²（F3）4个处理组。结果表明,有机粪肥对番茄生长期叶片数、叶绿素和株幅影响不大,但在盛果期随着施肥量的增加,茎粗有增大趋势,株高变化不明显。从产量来看,仅F3组产量略高于CK组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。与CK组相比,F2组番茄VC含量显著（P<0.05）增加了14.1%,F1组VC含量增加了6.0%（P>0.05）;F1、F2和F3组番茄硝酸盐含量均显著（P<0.05）高于CK组,且表现为随粪肥施用量的增加呈上升趋势。各处理组土壤pH值、容重和盐分无显著差异（P>0.05）;F3组土壤有机质含量是16.74 g/kg,极显著（P<0.01）高于CK组,F1、F2组显著（P<0.05）高于CK组;F1组和F3组土壤总氮相对CK组分别显著（P<0.05）提高了20.3%、17.1%;F1、F2和F3组速效钾略高于CK组,但无显著差异（P>0.05）;值得关注的是,与CK组相比,F1和F3组有效磷分别升高了55.7%（P<0.05）和196%（P<0.01）,F2组则无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,蛋鸡粪肥可一定程度上提高番茄产量,改善番茄品质及培肥土壤,但为避免番茄硝酸盐和土壤氮、磷等富集,不宜超量施用。

Effects of Fermentation Decomposed Manure Fertilizer from Laying Hens on Tomato Growth Traits,Yield, Quality and Soil

In order to reduce the environmental pollution of manure produced by livestock and poultry and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, this experiment studied the influence of fermentation decomposed manure fertilizer from laying hens on the growth traits, yield, quality of tomato and soil , and set 4 treatment groups including the application of conventional chemical fertilizer （CK）, fermentation decomposed manure fertilizer from laying hens with 1 000 kg/667 m² （F1）, fermentation decomposed manure fertilizer from laying hens with 1 500 kg/667 m² （F2）, and fermentation decomposed manure fertilizer from laying hens with 2 000 kg/667 m² （F3）. The results showed that organic manure had limited effect on the leaf number, chlorophyll content and plant size during the tomato growing period, but in the full fruit period, with the increase of fertilizer application amount, the stem thickness tended to increase, and the plant height did not change significantly. In terms of output, only the F3 group had a slightly higher yield than CK, but the difference was not significant （P>0.05）. Compared with the CK group, the VC content of tomatoes in the F2 group was significantly （P<0.05）increased by 14.1%, and the VC content in the F1 group was increased by 6.0% （P>0.05）; the nitrate contents of tomatoes in the F1, F2 and F3 groups were all significantly （P<0.05) higher than the CK group, and showed an upward trend with the increase of manure fertilizer application amount. There was no significant （P>0.05） difference in soil pH, unit weight and salinity between treatment groups ; the soil organic matter content of F3 group was 16.74 g/kg, which was extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher than the CK group, and that of the F1 and F2 groups were significantly （P<0.05） higher than the CK group; soil total nitrogen of the F1 and F3 groups was significantly（P<0.05） increased by 20.3% and 17.1% compared with the CK group; the F1, F2 and F3 groups had slightly higher available potassium than the CK group, but there was no significant （P>0.05） difference ; it was worth noting that compared with the CK group, the effective phosphorus in the F1 and F3 groups was increased by 55.7% （P<0.05） and 196% （P<0.01）, respectively, and there was no significant （P>0.05） difference between the F2 group and the CK group. In summary, laying hens manure fertilizer can increase tomato yield to a certain extent, improve tomato quality and fertilize the soil. However, to avoid the accumulation of nitrate in tomato and nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, it should not be over-applied.