某铜镍多金属矿石工艺矿物学研究

某铜镍多金属矿床赋存于蚀变超基性岩镍矿床中，伴生铜、钴及贵金属铂、钯、金、银。通过显微镜观察，采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜能谱仪及矿物自动检测仪等分析技术，对该矿床的物质组成、目的矿物嵌布特征、有价元素平衡分配等工艺矿物学参数进行了系统的研究。结果表明，矿石中目的矿物主要为镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿，并含砷铂矿、锑铂矿、自然金、银金矿、自然银等多种贵金属矿物，具有重要的综合回收价值。矿石中的主要金属硫化物磁黄铁矿以粗中粒嵌布为主，镍黄铁矿与黄铜矿以细粒嵌布为主，三种硫化物主要呈集合体紧密连生，不易磨矿解离。在-0.075 mm占有率大于90%的磨矿细度下，目的矿物黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿的解离度均不及80%。采用浮选分别回收矿石中的黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿，预计铜和镍的理论回收率分别为86%和69%左右。为综合回收钴金属，可采取同时浮选镍黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿等硫化物的工艺，预计钴的理论回收率为69%左右，镍的理论回收率可提高至87%左右。此外，矿石中铂、钯、金、银等贵金属综合回收利用意义重大，应重视相关贵金属矿物的回收。

Process Mineralogy Study on a Copper-Nickel Polymetallic Ore

A copper-nickel polymetallic ore depositdocumented in this study is hosted in altered ultramafic rocks,accompanying by cobalt and precious metals platinum,palladium,gold and silver.Multiple technics including microscopic observation,X ray diffraction(XRD),SEM energy dispersive spectrometer and mineral liberation analyser(MLA)were adopted to study the mineral compositions,dissemination characteristics of target minerals and the distributions of valuable elements of the ore.The results show that pyrrhotite is the predominant phase in the ore,and pentlandite and chalcopyrite are the most important useful minerals.A variety of precious metal minerals such as sperrylite,gerversite,native gold,electrum and native silver,which have important comprehensive recovery value,are also found in the ore.Pyrrhotite is mainly coarseto mediumgrained,whereas pentlandite and chalcopyrite are mainly fine-grained.The three sulfides are closely associated with each other as an aggregation,which is difficult to be separated by grinding.The liberation degree of chalcopyrite and pentlandite is less than 80%at the grinding fineness of-0.075 mm fraction over 90%.By recovering chalcopyrite and pentlandite by flotation separately,the theoretical recovery rates of copper and nickel are estimated to be about 86%and 69%,respectively.In order to recover cobalt of the ore synthetically,pentlandite and pyrrhotite can be operated by flotation simultaneously,which will increase the theoretical recovery rates of cobalt and nickel up to 69%and 87%,respectively.In addition,the comprehensive utilization of platinum,palladium,gold,silver and other precious metals in the ore is of great significance,and thus attentions should be paid to the recovery of related precious metal minerals.