安徽省城市社区糖尿病患者健康状况及自我管理现状

目的了解城市社区糖尿病患者健康状况及自我管理现状,为制定城市社区糖尿病自我管理健康教育方法和策略提供参考依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取安徽省三个城市的三个社区糖尿病患者365人,用自行设计的调查表进行调查。结果调查对象平均患病(6.8±6.0)年;空腹血糖(7.93±3.79)mmol/L、餐后血糖(11.63±3.89)mmol/L;血压及男女腰臀围比的均值均高于正常控制值;34%的调查对象患有糖尿病并发症,9.6%的调查对象在近3个月内因并发症而住院治疗;男性患者的吸烟率为18.6%;有34%的患者是采取综合疗法(饮食+运动+药物);糖尿病患者自我管理知识知晓率为45.6%,其中糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、并发症知识和胰岛素相关知识的知晓率分别为65.4%,51.4%,37.7%和19.5%;影响糖尿病患者知晓率的主要因素是患者的文化程度(OR=2.096,95%CI=1.578～2.784)和病程(OR=1.307,95%CI=1.016～1.681);糖尿病患者自我管理行为的形成率为49.5%,其中服药依从性、运动行为、饮食行为和血糖监测行为形成率分别为80.3%,69.6%,47.7%和6.0%。结论本研究人群血糖控制较差,自我管理的知识知晓率和行为形成率均较低,加强社区糖尿病患者自我管理健康教育和行为干预是社区糖尿病患者管理的重点。

Study on Health Status and KAP of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Urban Communities in Anhui Province

Objective To understand the current situation of the health and the KAP of self-management among individual with diabetes mellitus in urban communities in Anhui Province. Methods A cross-section study by stratified cluster sampling on 365 individual with diabetes were conducted with questionnaire in the three urban communities. Results The awareness rate of total knowledge items was 45.6%, the awareness rates of knowledge about blood glucose, healthy diet, complication and insulin were 65.4%, 51.4%, 37.7% and 19.5% respectively. The rate of self-management practice was 49.5%, and the practice rates of healthy dietary, moderate physical activities, glucose monitoring and adherence medication were 47.7%, 69.6%, 6.0% and 80.3% respectively. Conclusion The blood control of patients with diabetes in urban communities was worse. Awareness rate of knowledge about self-management and practice rate of self-management among the diabetic patients was at lower lever and these need to be improved by health education and intervention.