有机氰废水的生物降解性和微生物毒性试验

在30℃条件下,采用血清瓶液体置换系统,模拟厌氧消化反应设备条件,测定了丙烯腈、腈纶生产过程废水等各种高浓度有机氰废水的厌氧生物可降解性及废水中丙烯腈、乙腈、聚合物和氰化物这些主要污染物质对产甲烷菌的毒性。结果表明,丙烯腈生产一段、二段急冷废水和腈纶生产工艺废水的厌氧生物可降解性能很差,3种废水的厌氧生物可降解性分别为36.3%、45.8%和53%,比代表一般石油化工工业废水生化性能的苯酚的厌氧生物可降解性(78%)低得多。废水中主要污染物对产甲烷活性抑制性较强,丙烯腈、乙腈、聚合物、氰化物使厌氧菌产甲烷活性降低50%的质量浓度分别为85、320、1300、4.5mg/L。其毒素类型分别为:丙烯腈在低质量浓度下为代谢毒素,厌氧菌产甲烷活性在恢复试验中得到恢复;在高质量浓度(>120mg/L)下为生理毒素,毒性引起的产甲烷活性受抑制,但在短时期内得到恢复。氰化物在低质量浓度下为生理毒素;较高质量浓度下(>25mg/L)为杀菌性毒素,厌氧菌细胞已遭受严重破坏,无法修复。乙腈和聚合物始终为代谢毒素。

Study on Biodegradability of Organic Cyanogen Wastewater and Its Toxicity to Microorganism

The anaerobic biodegradability of high concentration organic cyanogens and the toxicity of acrylonitrile,acetonitrile and cyanide to methanogen were tested under 30 ℃ and in blood seram boltle.The result shows that the anaerobic biodegradability of chilled wastewater from first and second stages in production of acrylonitrile and from precessing wastewater in production of acrylic fibers is much low,with the biodegradability being 36.3%,45.8% and 53% individually,comparing with the biodegradability of phenol being 78%.The main pollutantds of the wastewater have inhibition effect on the activity of methanogen.The 50% activity of methanogen was decreased by 85 mg/L of acrylonitrile,20 mg/L of acetonotrile,1 300 mg/L of polymers and 4.5 mg/L cyanide reseparately.Their types of toxin are follow:at low mass concentration,acryloitrile is metabolic toxin, with the activity being resumed in the resuming experiment;at high mass concentration(>120 mg/L),it is physiological toxin,with the activity being inhibited,but being resumed in a short period.Cyanide is physiological toxin at low mass concentration, and in higher concentration is bactericidal toxin,with anaerobic bacteria being severely destroyed,and not being resumed. Acetonitrile and polymer are metabolic toxin at all the time.