静电纺丝法制备煤基纳米碳纤维及其在超级电容器中的应用

以氧化处理的新疆库车原煤、聚丙烯腈(PAN)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备了直径均匀的煤基纳米碳纤维前驱体,经高温碳化、CO2活化得到煤基超级电容器电极材料.使用X射线能谱仪、物理吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和热分析仪等对前驱体及产物进行了表征.结果表明,原煤经过高锰酸钾氧化处理后,部分连接大分子的烷基链被打断,含氧基团明显增多,使原煤在DMF中的溶解度大幅提高.电化学测试结果表明,在电流密度为1 A/g时,煤基活化碳纤维的比电容为259.7F/g,在1000次循环充放电后比电容仍然保持99.2%.

Coal-based Carbon Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning for Supercapacitor

Coal-based carbon nanofibers with uniform diameters were prepared by means of electrospinning with oxidized coal, polyacrylonitrile(PAN) and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF). Coal-based super-capacitor electrodes were further obtained by carbonization and activation. The phase and morphology of precursor and final product were characterized via energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA). The results indicated that the solubility of raw coal in organic solvents can be enhanced after oxidizing treatment with potassium permanganate because of the disconnection of alkyl chains in macromolecules and the increase of oxygen containing groups. Electrochemical testing of the coal-based electrode showed a specific capacitance of 259.7 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in three-electrode system, and a capacity retention of 99.2% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g.