中药材农药残留的研究进展

了解我国目前中药材(CTM)农药残留的研究现状及存在问题,对中药材中目前常用的农药种类、农药残留的检测分析技术以及农药残留的脱除技术等方面进行了文献整理和分析,为下一步开展在不损害中药材外观及内在品质的基础上脱除中药材中的农药残留,提供科学依据和理论基础。查阅近些年国内外公开发表的文献,简要综述了我国目前中药材常用农药种类及农药残留的检测分析技术,重点整理分析了现有的农药残留脱除技术,较为详细地介绍了新兴的无损脱农残技术-亚临界干洗技术。目前中药材中残留农药以有机氯类、有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类为主,检测分析手段主要有气相色谱(GC)检测、液相(LC)色谱检测或两者与质谱(MS)联用,中药材农药残留的脱除技术大多是物理去除方法-水洗法和炮制法、化学氧化法,还有近年来的超临界流体萃取(SFE)法。目前对亚临界萃取脱除农残技术的研究,取得了一定的进展,但不破坏原料外形的同时、又去除样品表面农药残留的亚临界干洗脱除天然植物表面农残技术,则因其兴起时间较短而缺乏深入研究。对中药材农药残留的深入研究,尤其是亚临界干洗脱除农残技术的进一步研究,将有利于开发新的农药残留脱除技术,解决中药中的农药残留问题。

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pesticide Residues

To understand the current research status and existing problems of pesticide residues in Chinese traditional medicines (CTM), collect and analyze the literatures on the types of pesticides commonly used in CTM, detection and analysis technologies of pesticide residues and removing technologies for pesticide residues, and provide scientific foundations and theoretical basis for removing pesticide residues in CTM in condition of keeping the material shape and effective components. On the basis of checking out recent published literatures on pesticide residues in CTM both home and abroad, we reviewed the current types of pesticides commonly used in CTM as well as the detection and analysis technologies of pesticide residues, with emphasis on existing removing technologies for pesticide residues, and introduced the new removal technique, subcritical dry-cleaning technology in detail, which can remove the pesticide residues without destroying the shape of the material. Currently, the organochlorine, organophosphor and pyrethroid were the main pesticide residues in CTM. The detection and analysis methods primarily included gas chromatography (GC) testing, liquid chromatography (LC) testing or one of them combined with mass spectrometry (MS). The removing technologies for pesticide residues in CTM mainly relied on physical removing methods-water washing method, processing method, chemical oxidation method and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method which was popular recently. Up to now, the research on subcritical fluid extraction method for removing pesticide residues has made some progress, but subcritical dry-cleaning technology which can remove pesticide residues attached to the surface of CTM in the condition of keeping the material shape and active ingredient is still lacking of deep research because it is a relative new technique. The further study of pesticide residues in CTM, especially on subcritical dry-cleaning on removing pesticide residues of CTM will be conducive to the development of new removing technologies and solving the problems of pesticide residues in CTM.