全身麻醉药物对发育大脑小胶质细胞影响的研究进展

近年来，全身麻醉药物对发育大脑的影响成为关注的焦点。全身麻醉药物可造成动物胎儿及幼崽随着生长发育出现短期及长期认知功能障碍，而临床中回顾性研究结果与动物实验结果尚不一致。因此，全身麻醉药物对发育大脑有无影响尚无统一定论。小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统免疫细胞在发育的不同阶段表现不同形态，执行不同的功能，在神经元损伤修复、神经炎症、神经网络构建等方面发挥重要作用。本文将常用全身麻醉药物包括吸入麻醉药、静脉麻醉药、阿片类药物等对发育大脑小胶质细胞的影响机制做一综述。

Research progress on the effect of general anesthetics on developing brain microglia cells

In recent years, the effects of general anesthetics on the developing brain have become a focus of attention. General anesthetics can cause short term and long term cognitive dysfunction of fetal and newborn. However, clinical retrospective study and animal experiment results are not consistent. Therefore, there is no consensus on the effects of general anesthesia on the developing brain. As immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia cells exhibit different forms and perform different functions at different stages of development, and play an important role in neuronal injury repair, neuroinflammation and neural network construction. This paper reviews the mechanism of commonly used general anesthetics, including inhalation anesthetics, intravenous anesthetics, opioids and other drugs on the development of brain microglial cells.