北京市大兴区2007—2009年部分蔬菜水果中农药残留状况

目的对北京市大兴区市售部分食品农药残留的品种和残留量进行监测和分析,了解食品中农药的污染状况。方法 2007—2009年在区内随机抽取蔬菜、水果与茶叶等食品115份,检测有机磷、有机氯等农药残留量18项,拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量8项,氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量7项,将检测结果与国家相关标准对照。结果食品中农药残留量的检出率和超标率分别为29.6%和9.6%。叶类蔬菜、水果菇与茶叶类、瓜果豆类蔬菜检出率分别为45.5%、32.0%、2.9%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;在农药中乐果和联苯菊酯检出率最高,分别为5.2%和6.1%;对硫磷和三氯杀螨醇超标率最高,为3.5%（4/115）。结论大兴区市售蔬菜、水果与茶叶存在农药污染现象,在蔬菜中有违规使用对硫磷和三氯杀螨醇现象,拟除虫菊酯类农药在韭菜、油菜和水果中残留较高。应加强果蔬类在种植及销售环节的监测与安全管理,降低农药残留对人群的危害。

Pesticide Residues on Some Vegetables and Fruits in Daxing District of Beijing from 2007 to 2009

Objective] To monitor and analyze the variety and quantity of pesticide residues in some market food in Daxing district of Beijing, understand the pesticide contamination in food.Methods]From 2007 to 2008, 115 samples of vegetable, fruit and tea were selected in Daxing district randomly. 18 items of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide residues, 8 items of pyrethroid pesticide residues and 7 items of carbamate pesticide residues were detected, and the results were campared with the national standards.Results]The detection rate and exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in foods was 29.6% and 9.6% respectively. The detection rate of leafy vegetable group, fruit, mushroom and tea group, melon and1 legume group was 45.5%, 32.0%, and 2.9% respectively, and the difference was significant （P=0.000）. The etection rate of dimethoate （5.2%） and bifenthrin （6.1%） was the highest, and the exceeding standard rate of parathion and dicofol was the highest, which was the 3.5% （4/115）.Conclusion]There was pesticide contamination on vegetable, fruit and tea in Daxing market, the illegal use of parathion and dicofol was found in vegetables, and the pyrethroid pesticide residues was high in Chinese chive, rape and fruits. The monitoring and safe management in planting and sale process of vegetables and fruits should be strengthened to reduce the harm of pesticide residues.