基于跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的行政管理优化

跨省界地区是中国精准扶贫的重点地区,也是区域治理的难点地区。依据《中华人民共和国省级行政区域界线详图集》等资料,本文构建了全国跨省界自然地理实体地名数据库,从数量特征、空间差异性和空间自相关三个方面探讨了中国跨省界自然地理实体地名的空间分布格局及其影响因素,分析了由行政分割所引起的跨省界自然地理实体管理问题及其影响,并提出相应的建议。数据库共包括11325个跨省界自然地理实体地名,其中水系类地名4243个,陆地地形类地名7082个。湖南省和上海市分别是地名最多和最少的省级行政区。跨省界自然地理实体地名在中国南方地区呈现明显的聚集现象,而且水系类地名比陆地地形类地名的空间分布更趋随机。区域地形条件和人口规模是影响跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的重要因素,在相对高差介于1000~2000 m之间、人口数量介于4000~5000万之间的省份,跨省界自然地理实体地名的数量最多。行政分割造成了跨省界自然地理实体发展的不平衡,主要表现为区域发展目标、管理模式和发展时序等方面的差异。建议政府建立统一规范的跨省界自然地理实体管理机制,建立中央直属的行政管理机构对跨省界自然地理实体进行统一管理,加强跨省协作区联合统筹、建立以跨界自然地理实体为单元的申报机制。

Spatial patterns of interprovincial physical geographical names and implications for administrative management optimization

The interprovincial geographical entities are the key areas of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and the regional integrated management. Based on the geographical names dictionary, the thematic maps and the atlas of provincial administrative boundaries of China, we established a database of interprovincial physical geographical names (ITPGN) and analyzed the spatial pattern of the ITPGN from the aspects of numerical features, spatial variance and spatial association. The problems and the impacts of the separate management of the interprovincial geographical entities were further discussed and four suggestions were offered accordingly. There were 11325 ITPGN including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN in China. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names, and Shanghai had the smallest number. In addition, the spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. Regional terrain and population were important factors influencing the spatial patterns of ITPGN. The largest number of ITPGN was found in areas where the relative elevation was between 1000-2000 meters, and where the population was between 40-50 million. The separate management led to apparent differences in the development goals, development patterns, and management modes in the different parts of the same interprovincial physical geographical entities. These problems would reduce the efficiency of resources utilization, affect the integrity of natural reserves, hinder the cultural exchange and intensify socioeconomic differences among different parts. It was suggested that the government should explore unified management mechanism for interprovincial physical geographical entities, establish special organizations directly under the central government to manage the interprovincial entities, build up interprovincial cooperation zones to realize coordinated development of the interprovincial areas, and take the interprovincial physical geographical entities as unified units for the application of national parks or other protected areas.