木材腐朽检测及防治的研究进展

阐述了木材腐朽的成因和在木材腐朽的检测与防治方面的研究进展.木材腐朽是由真菌分解木材细胞壁造成的,目前对细胞壁成分之一——木质素的降解机制还不是很清楚.在木材腐朽检测方面,近红外光谱结合PLS-DA法等能快速准确的判断出木材腐朽的类型或木材是否有腐朽;应力波检测等无损检测法能对木材内部腐朽进行较为详细地检测;分子生物学法可用于鉴别腐朽病原菌,具有很好的发展前景.无损检测法各有优缺点,在设备、数据的采集和处理方面还需改进.在木材防腐领域,生物防腐法因环保无污染而越来越受到重视,未来可能会取代化学防腐法或与之结合.为提高木材尤其是活立木腐朽的防治水平,有必要研究环境与木材腐朽的关系,这方面还需做大量工作.

Research on progressing of testing and prevention of wood decay

The cause of wood decay and research progressing of testing and prevention of wood decay were elaborated in this paper.Wood decay is caused by the decomposition of wood cell walls,and mechanism of lignin degradation is not clearly known up to now.In wood decay detection,infrared spectroscopy（NIR） coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） etc.can recognize the types of wood decay or whether wood is decayed quickly and accurately;stress wave and some other non-destructive testing methods can detect inner decay of wood in detail;molecular biological methods can used in identifying rot pathogen.However,disadvantages could be found in each of non-destructive testing methods.Improvement needs to be done in equipments,collecting and processing of data.As for wood decay prevention field,biological protection of wood,which has been drawing more and more attention because of its environment-friendly properties,has the possibility of replacing chemical protection of wood or integrating with it in the future.It is necessary to study the relationship between environment and wood decay in order to improve decay prevention of wood especially standing trees,and it needs a lot of work to do.