茶园测土配肥及其叶面营养调理研究

[目的]了解茶园土壤养分情况,研究茶园叶面施肥技术。[方法]根据茶园土壤养分的测定结果和茶树需肥规律配制叶面肥料,对茶树进行叶面营养调理,并对茶叶的产量和品质进行了分析。[结果]该茶园土壤pH值为4.21,可施偏碱性肥料以提高土壤pH值至茶叶适宜的pH值范围。该茶园有效磷、钾和镁含量分别为14.00、83.00和24.60mg/kg,均低于优质茶园的土壤指标;有效氮含量高达213mg/kg;铁、锰、铜、钙和锌含量分别为62.40、20.17、1.93、2.80和2.53mg/kg。制备的叶面肥料包含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、锌、锰、钼、硼。在茶叶采摘前20d和10d各喷施1次,茶叶增产10%,茶多酚含量提高2.02个百分点,咖啡碱、氨基酸和水浸出物含量均提高1个百分点以上。[结论]该研究为茶园科学施肥提供理论基础。

Applying Fertilizers by Testing Soil in Tea Garden and Its Leaf Nutrient Regulation Test

[Objective] The research aimed to get know of the soil nutrient conditions and study the leaf fertilization technology of in tea garden. [Method] Foliar fertilizer was prepared according to the determination results of soil nutrient and the fertilizer demand law of tea tree in tea garden. The leaf nutrient of tea tree was regulated and the yield and the quality of tea leaf were analyzed. [Result] The pH value of the soil in the tea garden was 4.21, which could be increased till the suitable pH range for tea leaf by applying partial alkaline fertilizers. The contents of available phosphorus, potassium, magnesium in the garden were 14.00, 83.00 and 24.60 mg/kg resp., which were all lower than the soil index in high-quality tea garden. The content of available nitrogen was as high as 213 mg/kg and the contents of iron, manganese, cuprum, calcium and zinc were 62.40, 20.17, 1.93, 2.80 and 2.53 mg/kg respectively. The prepared leaf fertilizer contained nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and boron. It was sprayed twice on the 20th and 10th d before picking tea leaf, and the yield of tea leaf was increased by 10 %, the content of tea polyphenol was increased by 2.02 % and the contents of caffeine, amino acids and water extracts were all increased by more than 1 %. [Conclusion] This research provided theoretical foundation for scientific fertilization in tea garden.