花椒挥发油的超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的比较

采用超临界萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法从花椒中提取花椒挥发油，用GC—MS方法测定各种提取方法得到挥发油的化学成分及相对含量。结果表明，水蒸气提取挥发得率为3．8％（W／W），主要成分为柠檬烯（22．75％）、沉香醇（21．70％）、罗勒烯（3，7-二甲基-1，3，7-辛三烯）（14．27％）等。超临界CO2萃取法挥发油得率为5．9％（W／W），主要成分为柠檬烯（14．01％）、沉香醇（13．18％）、罗勒烯（3，7-二甲基-1，3，7-辛三烯）（26．23％）等。两种方法所得到的挥发进行比较，水蒸气蒸馏法分离法得到的挥发油中分离出78个峰，其中含量和相似度高的成分有31种，占86．31％。超临界CO2萃取法提取的花椒挥发油中分离出了152个峰，含量和相似度高的成分有36种，占74．72％。两种提取方法所得到的主要挥发油中有27种成分相同。

Comparison of Essential Oil Compositions of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Hydrodistillation Methods

In this paper, essential oils were abstracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. by supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） and hydrodistillation （HD） . Their components and contents were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and compared. The results showed that the extraction yield based on the HD was 3.8% （w/w）. The main components were （ ＋ ） -Limonene （22.75%） ; 1,6 - Octadien -3 -ol,3,7 - dimethyl - （21.70%） and 1,3,7 - Octatriene, 3,7 - dimethyl - （ 14.27% ）, The extraction yield based on the SFE was 5.9% （w/w）. The main components were （ ＋ ） - Limonene （ 14.01% ） ; 1,6 - Octadien - 3 - ol,3,7 - dimethyl - （ 13.18% ） and 1,3,7 - Octatriene, 3,7 - dimethyl - （26.23 % ）. Comparing with the essential oil obtained by SFE extraction and HD methods, there were 78 and 152 peaks were isolated and 31and 36 compounds were identified from the oil extracted with HD and SFE, respectively. Among the main compounds, there were 27compounds found in these two oils.