鱼类下行过坝的导鱼栅系统设计及试验研究

以龙开口水利枢纽为例，提出一种辅助鱼类下行过坝的导鱼栅系统方案。该方案首先结合大坝泄流建筑物的特点确定导鱼栅系统的布置位置，然后以鳙鱼为试验对象，用控制变量法并选择四种导鱼栅叶片角（15°、30°、45°、90°）和三种导鱼栅布置角（15°、30°、45°）在室内开展模型试验，以确定最优运行工况。研究结果表明，导鱼栅系统布置在该枢纽的灌溉引水口最佳。试验中，当布置角控制为30°时，四种叶片角下的鱼类通过率分别为53%、95%、59%和72%；当叶片角控制为30°时，三种布置角下的鱼类通过率分别为53%、95%和41%。因此，在导鱼栅叶片角和布置角同为30°时，导鱼栅系统辅助鱼类下行的效率最高，通过率为95%。研究成果可为我国类似导鱼栅系统设计提供参考。

Experimenal study and design of fish-guiding railings for fish passing downwards over dam

By taking Longkaikou Water Control Project as the study case， a scheme for assisting fish to pass downwards over dam is proposed herein. In the scheme，the layout location of the fish-guiding railings system is determined at first in accordance with the characteristics of the discharge structure of the dam， and then an indoor model experiment is carried out， by taking Aristichthysnobilis as the object，with the control variable method and through the selecting four kinds of blade angles （15°， 30°， 45° and 90°） and three kinds of the layout angles （15°， 30°and 45°） of the fish-guiding railings， so as to determine the optimal operation condition. The study result shows that it is best to lay the fish-guiding railings system at the irrigation outlet of the project. In the experiment， when the layout angle is controlled to be 30°， the fish passing rates under the conditions of four blade angles are 53%， 95%， 59% and 72% respectively， while the fish passing rates under the conditions of three layout angles are 53%， 95% and 41% respectively when the blade angle is controlled to be 30°. Therefore， the efficiency of the fish-guiding railings system from assisting fish to pass downwards is the highest with the passing rate of 95% when both the blade angle and the layout angle are simultaneously to be 30°. The study result can provide a reference for the design of the similar fish-guiding railings system in China.