用水竞争力指数评价方法及其应用研究

水资源短缺加剧了区域、行业间水资源竞争的程度，影响了水资源的演变格局，也对水资源供需管理提出了新的要求。为了定量化描述用水竞争现象，辨析了用水竞争力概念、内涵及其驱动因素，引入了用水竞争力指数（WCI），并采用驱动增长率、刚性需水量、用水效益和用水紧缺程度四类指标构建了用水竞争力评价模型，以京津冀地区为例，定量分析得到京津冀地区2001—2015年农业、工业和生活分行业多年平均用水竞争力指数分别为0.09、0.17和0.56，其中生活用水竞争力指数最大并长期保持增长趋势，成为影响京津冀地区用水竞争力的主要行业，其次是工业用水竞争力指数，但呈波动性变化特征，农业用水竞争力指数最小但呈持续增加的趋势。

The evaluation method of water competitiveness index and its application

Water shortage intensifies water competition for different regions and industries, which affects the evolution pattern of water resources and puts forward new requirements for water supply and demand management. In order to quantitatively describe water competitiveness, the concept, connotation and driving factors of water competitiveness are analyzed, and the water competitiveness index (WCI) is defined, which is constructed by four indicators:driving growth rate, rigid water demand, water use efficiency and water shortage degree. The results show that the multi-year mean water competitiveness index for agriculture, industry and domesticity from 2001 to 2015 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are 0.09, 0.17 and 0.56, respectively. The domestic water competitiveness index is the largest and maintains a long-term upward trend. It becomes the main industry affecting the water competitiveness of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The industrial water competitiveness index is second, and it is characterized by volatility. The agricultural water competitiveness index is the smallest but keeps an increasing trend.