寒冷地区CO2空气源热泵供暖运行性能分析

CO₂空气源热泵能够在寒冷地区低温环境下稳定运行，可望在建筑供暖领域推广应用。为客观、合理地评价CO₂空气源热泵供暖的运行性能，搭建了寒冷地区超临界CO₂空气源热泵供暖系统。根据室外环境温度和供暖热负荷将供暖期划分为5个不同的阶段，分阶段调整CO₂空气源热泵供暖运行参数。测试结果表明，CO₂空气源热泵能够满足寒冷地区供暖需求，且供暖系统在供暖季的平均性能系数可达2.236，同时供暖房间具有较好的舒适度。以燃煤锅炉、燃气锅炉为参照，采用等效电方法对比分析了三种热源供暖的能源利用效率及CO₂排放量。对比分析结果表明，在考虑能源品位之后，CO₂空气源热泵供暖的能源利用效率高于燃气锅炉供暖，略低于燃煤锅炉供暖。受燃料含碳量的影响，CO₂空气源热泵供暖的CO₂排放量虽然高于燃气锅炉供暖，但比燃煤锅炉供暖减少20.89%。

Analysis of heating performance of CO2 air-source heat pump in cold region

CO₂ air-source heat pump can operate stably in cold area, which is expected to be popularized and applied in the field of space heating. To evaluate the performance of CO₂ air-source heat pump heating objectively and reasonably, the supercritical CO₂ air-source heat pump heating system in cold region was built. According to outdoor ambient temperature and heating load, the heating period is divided into five different stages, and the heating operation parameters of CO₂ air-source heat pump are adjusted in different stages. The results show that the CO₂ air-source heat pump can meet the heating demand in cold area, and the average performance coefficient of the heating system in the heating periods can reach 2.236, at the same time the heating room has good comfort. Taking coal-fired boiler and gas-fired boiler as reference, the energy utilization efficiency and CO₂ emission amount of three kinds of heat source heating are compared and analyzed by using equivalent electricity method. The results show that the energy utilization efficiency of CO₂ air source heat pump heating is higher than that of gas boiler heating and is slightly lower than that of coal-fired boiler heating after considering the energy grade. The CO₂ emission amount of CO₂ air-source heat pump heating is higher than that of gas-fired boiler heating, but 20.89% less than that of coal-fired boiler heating.