美国对外直接投资的区域和行业分布变化

本文对20年来美国对外直接投资的区域和行业分布特征的研究表明：20世纪90年代是美国对外直接投资持续快速增长期；欧洲、拉美和加拿大是美国主要的投资区，集中了总投资的80％；从对外投资的行业分布特征来看，集中在制造业和金融、保险、房地产业，特别是金融、保险和房地产业所占比重持续上升。对外商直接投资区域和行业分布特征的研究，应从宏观经济和微观企业层面相结合的角度进行分析，才能把握跨国公司对外投资的实质。通过对跨国公司投资行为的时空变化研究，相对落后国家可以制定相应的政策，吸引投资，促进本国经济的发展。

The regional and industrial distributionof US FDI abroad

FDI behavior has been receiving growing attention in the world. FDI may be viewed as a typical spatial interaction process. It is not only determined by the attributes of origin (home countries) and destination (host countries), but also confined by spatial separation configurations. The origin and destination attributes are known as comparative advantages factors, location endowments, ownership endowment, and the internalization of multinational corporations. So the distribution of FDI should be analyzed in a comprehensive context. By exploring the changing distribution of U.S FDI by regions and industries, this paper indicated that the spatial structure and industrial structure of U.S FDI abroad have changed greatly during the past thirty years. The author proposed that more efforts should be made for Chinese government to absorb much foreign investment, so as to promote China's economy to a new stage.