内源性农村发展模式：实践探索、核心特征与反思拓展

传统外源性农村发展的现实困境激励了内源性农村发展的理论构建与实践探索。强调发展的内源性潜力、倡导开放性的区域经济、追求可持续性生计、注重地方民众的自主参与以及构建民众的区域认同是内源发展的核心特征。不过,内源性农村发展模式面临内部和外部“双重合法性”的挑战。内部而言,理论基础的模糊性问题、地方行动者的利益分歧问题以及持续性的动力学问题一直是争论的焦点。外部来讲,外源性发展和内源性发展的“理想型二分法”被广为诟病,如何妥善处理二者关系考验着其理论张力。实践越来越表明,由于农村地区受到地方化和全球化双重趋势的影响,外源性发展和内源性发展在实践中并不相互排斥,地方社会的发展离不开本土与外来的“内外融合”,关键是发展过程中如何有效控制本土和外部力量之间的相互作用并寻找到实现农村发展目标的合适且有效的操作性方法。

Endogenous Rural Development: Practice, Characteristics and Reflection

The realistic predicament of the traditional exogenous rural development has stimulated the theoretical construction and practical exploration of the endogenous rural development model. Emphasizing the endogenous potential of development, advocating open regional economy, pursuing sustainable livelihoods, paying attention to the local people"s self-participation and advocating the building of people"s regional identity are the core characteristics of endogenous development. However, endogenous rural development faces internal and external "double legitimacy" challenges. Internally, the ambiguity of the theoretical basis, the problem of local actors" differences of interests and the persistence of dynamics have been the focus of debate. Externally, the "ideal type dichotomy" of exogenous development and endogenous development has been widely criticized. How to properly handle the relationship tests the theoretical tension of endogenous development. As the rural areas are affected by the dual trend of localization and globalization, exogenous development and endogenous development are not mutually exclusive in practice. The development of local society is inseparable from the local and foreign "internal and external integration." The key issue is how to effectively control the interaction between local and external forces in the development process, and to find appropriate and effective operational methods to achieve rural development goals.