覆膜方式对雨养饲用玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为促进冀西北坝上高寒半干旱区旱地饲用玉米稳产、高产和提高水分利用效率，于2016—2017年在农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外观测试验站，进行了露地平作(ck)，双垄沟覆膜、微垄覆膜、土下覆膜处理对饲用玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累、土壤水分、产量和水分利用效率影响的试验研究。结果表明，在丰水年，双垄沟覆膜处理效果最好，与露地相比叶面积指数、干物质积累量、土壤蓄水量分别提高36.45%、70.24%、13.25%，产量和水分利用效率提高了67.24%和87.66%；在欠水年，土下覆膜处理效果最佳，较露地增产71.31%，水分利用效率提高81.69%。双垄沟覆膜是寒旱区提高饲用玉米产量和高效利用降水的有效技术，土下覆膜则更适用于土壤贮水丰富农田的高水效生产。

Covering Methods: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rain-fed Forage Maize

To promote the stable and high yield and water use efficiency of forage maize in dry land of Bashang alpine and semi-arid region in northwest Hebei Province, the treatments of open-field cultivation (CK), double ridge and furrow mulching(DM), micro-ridge mulching(MM) and mulching under soil(UM) were conducted to study the effect on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, soil moisture, yield, and water use efficiency at Zhangbei Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2016-2017. The results showed that in the wet year, the DM treatment had the best effect. Compared with those of CK, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and soil water storage of DM were increased by 36.45%, 70.24% and 13.25%, respectively, and the yield and water use efficiency were increased by 67.24% and 87.66%, respectively. In the year of water shortage, the effect of UM treatment was the best, which increased the yield by 71.31% and the water use efficiency by 81.69% compared with CK. DM is an effective technique for improving the yield of forage maize and efficient use of precipitation in cold and arid areas. UM is more suitable for water efficient production of farmland with rich soil water storage.