云南省维西傈僳族自治县中药材生产现状和种植统计数据分析

目的 分析2021年云南省维西傈僳族自治县中药材生产现状和种植特点,更好地服务当地中药材产业发展,推进乡村振兴。方法 通过实地调研,分析县域中药材生产现状和存在的问题,利用统计学和地理信息学方法,从多角度分析维西傈僳族自治县中药材的种植情况。结果 云南省维西傈僳族自治县中药材生产整体渐成规模,主产中药材优势十分突出;经营主体辐射强,品牌打造初显成效;配套政策措施较为齐全,营商环境良好。2019—2021年,全县中药材年种植面积均为0.66万hm²左右,约占农作物种植总面积的19%,仅次于粮食作物,居第二位。中药材加工产品年产量为0.40万~0.45万t,年总加工产值为0.76亿~0.86亿元。全县中药材种植面积在空间上差异明显,整体呈现“南多北少”的特征,种植区域主要集中在中南部的白济汛乡、永春乡、中路乡、保和镇,占全县的63.83%。种植面积排前四位的药材为木香、秦艽、附子和当归,在不同乡镇的种植结构差异很大。其中,木香在10个乡镇中均有种植,除永春乡和塔城乡外,木香种植面积在主产药材中占比超过50%。中药材生产存在生态种植规模不大、与粮争地矛盾突出、技术水平有限、加工能力不足等问题。结论 云南省维西傈僳族自治县中药材产业基础扎实、发展态势良好,建议发挥绿色优势、加大中药材生态种植模式的推广力度、配套加工设施设备,进一步提高中药材加工技术水平。

Current Situation and Planting Statistics of Chinese Medicinal Materials Production in Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province

Objective To analyze the current status and planting characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials in Weixi Lisu autonomous county, Yunnan province in 2021 to better serve the local Chinese medicinal materials industry and promote rural revitalization.Methods Through field research, the current status and existing problems of Chinese medicinal materials production in the county were analyzed. Based on statistical and geographical information methods, a comprehensive analysis of the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials in Weixi Lisu autonomous county was conducted.Results The overall production of Chinese medicinal materials is gradually becoming standardized, with a prominent advantage in the production of major Chinese medicinal materials. Business entities have a strong influence, and brand building is beginning to show results. Supporting policies and measures are relatively comprehensive, and the business environment is favorable. From 2019 to 2021, the annual planting area of Chinese medicinal materials in the county was approximately 6600 hm², accounting for about 19% of the total crop planting area, ranking second after food crops. The annual production of processed Chinese medicinal products ranged from 4000-4500 t, with a total processing output value of 76 million to 86 million yuan. The planting area of Chinese medicinal materials varies significantly in space, with an overall "more in the south, less in the north" pattern. The main planting areas are concentrated in the four townships of Baijixun, Yongchun, Zhonglu, and Baohe in the central and southern parts, accounting for 63.83% of the entire county. The top four medicinal herbs in terms of planting area are Aucklandia lappa, Gentiana macrophylla, Aconitum carmichaelii, and Angelica sinensis, with significant differences in planting structure in different townships. Among them, A. lappa is planted in all ten townships, and except for Yongchun and Tacheng townships, the planting area of A. lappa accounts for more than 50% of the major medicinal materials. There are issues in the production of Chinese medicinal materials, including small-scale ecological cultivation, prominent conflicts with food crops, limited technical expertise, and insufficient processing capacity.Conclusion The Chinese medicinal materials industry in Weixi Lisu autonomous county, Yunnan province, has a solid foundation and good development prospects. It is recommended to leverage its ecological advantages, increase the promotion of eco-friendly Chinese medicinal materials cultivation models, and invest in processing facilities and equipment to further improve Chinese medicinal materials processing technology.