宁夏生态移民村空间剥夺测度及影响因素

生态移民村是一种具有扶贫脱贫与生态保护双重意义的特殊乡村类型,是乡村振兴不可或缺的重要对象。在空间重构过程中形成的空间剥夺现象,是当前生态移民村全面振兴面临的一个新问题。为探究生态移民村空间剥夺规律,以宁夏70个生态移民村2017年相关数据为基础,构建了以收入就业、教育培训、社会生活、居住环境及公共服务可达性为主要内容的空间剥夺指标体系并进行水平测度,进而运用地理加权回归和地理探测器对其影响因子进行探测。结果显示：① 宁夏生态移民村空间剥夺整体水平较低,但总指数均值相对于非生态移民村显著高出0.023;② 宁夏生态移民村空间剥夺时空分异特征明显,总指数均值在时间上呈现“先较低—后上升—再下降”趋势,在空间上呈现“北部低—中部高—南部次高”分布;③ 民族构成、地形地貌、移民时段、依托资源和经济区带是影响生态移民村空间剥夺的重要因子,前3项对空间剥夺总指数的解释力分别达到了22.4%、10.6%和14.0%。空间剥夺水平测度为生态移民生产生活评价和政策调整完善提供新的客观依据,相关部门可据此优化调节生态移民村空间资源配置,增加其获取资源的能力和机会,推动生态移民村全面振兴。

Measurement of spatial deprivation of eco-migrant villages and its impact factors in Ningxia

Eco-migrant village is a special type of village with the dual significance of poverty alleviation and ecological protection, as well as the indispensable and crucial object for rural revitalization. The spatial deprivation (SD), which resulted from the process of spatial reconstruction, is a new problem emerging in the course of eco-migrant villages revitalization and sustainable development. In order to explore the rule of the SD, this paper constructs a spatial deprivation index (SDI) system with income and employment, education and training, social life, living environment and accessibility of public services as the main contents, based on the data of 70 eco-migrant villages (EMV) of Ningxia in 2017, calculates EMVs' SDI value, and detects the impact factors by geographical weighted regression and GeoDetector. The results show that: (1) the overall level of SD of EMVs is low, but the total index means is 0.023 higher than that of non-EMVs. (2) The spatial and temporal variations of EMVs' SDI are obvious, presenting a time trend of "low - rise - decline" and a spatial distribution pattern of "the lowest in the north - the highest in the middle - the second highest in the south". (3) Ethnic composition, terrain and landform, migration period, essential resources and economic zone are critical factors affecting the SD of EMVs, in which the first three have explanatory capacity of the total SDI, being 22.4%, 10.6% and 14.0%, respectively. SD measurement provides a new objective basis for evaluating production and life of eco-migrants, adjusting and refining policies, so that relevant departments can optimize and reallocate the spatial resources of EMVs to increase their ability and opportunities, and promote the overall revitalization of EMVs.